Poliovirus Antigens

Polioviruses constitute three closely related serotypes (types 1, 2, and 3) within a large group of enteroviruses C, each serotype can cause poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis is highly contagious, transmitted by the fecal-oral and oral-oral routes. Humans are the only natural hosts of poliovirus. Like other enteroviruses, polioviruses replicate in the oropharynx and the intestinal tract and only rarely invade the central nervous system. There are 2 possible dissemination routes through which the circulating poliovirus can enter central nervous system, the blood-brain barrier and peripheral nerves. Infection may result in no or mild illness, aseptic meningitis, or paralytic poliomyelitis. Type 1 is the most paralytogenic and type 2 the least. Wild poliovirus cases have decreased by over 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350 000 cases in more than 125 endemic countries then, to 33 reported cases in 2018.

Poliovirus characterized by icosahedral symmetry, small size (30 nm in diameter), and non-enveloped capsid that comprises 60 copies of each of 4 capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. 60 copies each of four capsid proteins. The viruses have a genome consisting of one strand of positive-sense infectious RNA.

• Capsid protein VP1 forms an icosahedral capsid of pseudo T=3 symmetry with capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. VP1 interacts with host cell receptor to provide virion attachment to target host cells. VP1 N-terminus (that contains an amphipathic alpha-helix) and VP4 are externalized, they shape a pore in the host membrane through which viral genome is translocated to host cell cytoplasm.
• Capsid protein VP2 forms an icosahedral capsid of pseudo T=3 symmetry with capsid proteins VP1 and VP3.
• Capsid protein VP3 forms an icosahedral capsid of pseudo T=3 symmetry with capsid proteins VP1 and VP2.
• Capsid protein VP4 is released, Capsid protein VP1 N-terminus is externalized, and together, they shape a pore in the host membrane through which the viral genome is translocated into the host cell cytoplasm.

The polio vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world. There two poliovirus vaccines are used: inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). IPV consists of inactivated poliovirus strains of all three poliovirus types. IPV is given by intramuscular or intradermal injection. OPV trivalent vaccine is an attenuated poliovirus strains of all 3 serotypes (Sabin 1, Sabin 2, and Sabin 3) and has been successfully interrupted poliovirus transmission by producing both serologic and intestinal immunity.

Creative Diagnostics is one of the best manufactures of viral antigens, customers from all over the world find their satisfactory with our product and service. Welcome to contact our sales representative if you are in need of poliovirus antigens.