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Treponema pallidum is the causative pathogen of syphilis. Treponema pallidum are slender bacteria, which is 5-20 µm long and 0.2 µm wide; they feature 10-20 primary windings and move by rotating around their lengthwise axis.

Fig. 1 Model of Treponema Pallidum

Syphilis affects only humans. The disease is normally transmitted by direct contact, in most cases during sexual intercourse. Infection comes about because of direct contact with lesions containing the pathogens, which then invade the host through microtraumata in skin or mucosa. The incubation period is two to four weeks. The disease progresses in several stages designated as primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis or stages I, II and III.

Stage I (primary syphilis): Hard, indolent (painless) lesion, later infiltration and ulcerous disintegration, called hard chancre. Accompanied by regional lymphadenitis, also painless. Treponemes can be detected in the ulcer.

Stage II (secondary syphilis): Generalization of the disease occurs four to eight weeks after primary syphilis. Frequent clinical symptoms include micropolylymphadenophaty and macular or papulosquamous exanthema, broad condylomas, and exanthema.

Latent syphilis: Stage of the disease in which no clinical symptoms are manifested, but the pathogens are present in body and serum. T. Pallidum can be divided into early latency (less than four years) and late latency (more than four years).

Stage III (tertiary syphilis): Late gummatous syphilis: manifestations in skin, mucosa and various organs. Tissue disintegration is frequent. Lesions are hardly infectious or not at all. Cardiovascular syphilis: endarteritis obliterans, syphilitic aortitis. Neurosyphilis: two major clinical categories are observed: meningovascular syphilis, i.e., endarteritis obliterans of small blood vessels of the meninges, brain, and spinal cord; parenchymatous syphilis, i.e., destruction of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex (paresisi) and spinal cord (tabes dorsalis).

Creative Diagnostics is proud to announce that we can provide over 40 Treponema pallidum antigens, including recombinant T. Pallidum TpN47, T. Pallidum Major Membrane Immunogen p15 and T. pallidum Tp0453 antigens, etc. Please feel free to contact our customer service to find the most suitable antigens for your project.

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