Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder, typically presenting in young middle-age. It is characterized by prominent psychiatric problems, as well as progressive deterioration in both cognitive function and motor control, leading to an early death. HD is caused by an expanded trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the huntingtin gene. The gene for Huntington's disease (HD) is located on the short arm of chromosome four and is associated with an expanded trinucleotide repeat. Normal alleles at this site contain CAG repeats, but when these repeats reach 41 or more the disease is fully penetrant. Incomplete penetrance happens with 36–40 repeats, and 35 or less are not associated with the disorder. The number of CAG repeats accounts for about 60% of the variation in age of onset, with the remainder represented by modifying genes and environment.
The knowledge of this gene mutation has resulted in HD being one of the rare neurodegenerative conditions for which predictive genetic testing is available for individuals with a known family history. This enables identification of HD gene mutation carriers while they are still healthy, before developing overt clinical features of the disease. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms of Huntington's disease are poorly understood, but research in transgenic animal models of the disorder is providing insight into causative factors and potential treatments.
H2AFY is a particular histone that is elevated in individuals with HD, though it does not track disease progression, making it unsuitable as a state biomarker. However, it has shown promise as a potential therapeutic marker. In subjects with early HD, H2AFY levels responded to treatment with Sodium Phenylbutyrate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which is known to suppress neurodegeneration in mouse models of HD.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-3344 | Anti-Human Core Histone Macro-H2A.1 monoclonal antibody, clone SN359 | H | ELISA, ICC, IF, WB |
| DCABH-7527 | Anti-H2AFY monoclonal antibody, clone FQS0460(3) | H, M, R | IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF |
| DPABH-15716 | Anti-H2AFY (aa 150-250) polyclonal antibody | H, M | ChIP, FC, WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF |
8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a measure of oxidative stress, which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of HD. As a hopeful candidate biomarker, it was the focus of numerous studies. Elevated 8-OHdG was detected in HD subjects' brain and blood in several studies, (though not all), and levels correlated with proximity to projected disease onset.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| CABT-B1064 | Anti-8-OHdG monoclonal antibody, clone O56.2 | N/A | IHC, ELISA |
| CABT-L527 | Anti 8-OHdG polyclonal antibody | N/A | ELISA, IHC, WB |
Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.IL-1β is not only secreted by microglia and macrophages but also typically expressed in dendritic cells (DC) and is verifiably increased in several mouse models of HD and in the serum of HD patients.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-4744 | Anti-IL1B monoclonal antibody, clone 4F2 | H | WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF |
| DCABH-12004 | Anti-IL1B monoclonal antibody, clone 4B7 | H | WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA |
| DPABH-22623 | Anti-Human IL1B polyclonal antibody | H | WB, IHC, IF, ELISA |
Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages. Interleukin-8 is a key mediator associated with inflammation where it plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil degranulation. Interleukin-8 secretion is increased by oxidant stress, which thereby cause the recruitment of inflammatory cells and induces a further increase in oxidant stress mediators, making it a key parameter in localized inflammation.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DPABH-04383 | Anti-IL8 (aa 1-99) polyclonal antibody | H | WB, IHC-P |
| DPABH-06008 | Anti-IL8 (aa 23-99) polyclonal antibody | H | ELISA |
| DPABH-18598 | Anti-IL8 polyclonal antibody | H | WB, IHC-P |
Species: H Human; M Mouse; R Rat; Z Zebrafish; X Xenopus laevis; B Bovine; C Cow; D Dog; P Pig; Q Quail
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