Parvovirus Antigens

Parvovirus Antigen Products by Targets

Parvovirus is a linear, single-stranded DNA virus, which has an average genome size of 5,000 nucleotides. Parvovirus is a common name which applied to the viruses belongs to Parvoviridae taxonomic family. Different parvoviruses can infect humans, domestic animals and poultry. Parvovirus B19 is the name of parvovirus which can infect human. Canine can be infected by a small antigenic transfer and natural mutation of parvovirus. According to different infected carnivores, parvoviruses can be defined with different names: Parvovirus Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), Canine parvovirus (CPV), Mink enteritis virus (MEV), Raccoonparvovirus (RPV), Raccoon dog parvovirus (RDPV), Blue foxparvovirus (BFPV), Aleutian mink disease virus (ADV) and Canine minute virus (MVC), etc.

Human Parvovirus B19 (HPV)

The first known parvovirus which can infect human, was discovered in London by Australian virologist Yvonne Cossart in 1974. International Committee on Virology classified this virus into parvoviridae family and named B19 in 1985. Parvovirus B19 is a DNA virus consisting of a linear single-stranded DNA and capsid; the DNA strand is about 5.5 kb, containing 50% of the positive strand and the negative strand. B19V expresses three non-structural (NS1, 11- and 7.5-kDa) and two structural proteins (VP1 and VP2). This virus in some blood diseases and immunocompromised patients can cause a crisis of aplastic crisis in pregnant women can cause fetal edema and stillbirth.

Canine Parvovirus (CPV)

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) was first isolated from dog feces which suffering from enteritis by Kelly of Australia and Canada's Thomson in 1978. In order to distinguish the canine parvovirus (MVC) (also known as CPV-1) isolated from healthy dog feces by Binn et al. In 1967, the later-discovered virus was named Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2). CPV2 has a very high identity with feline panleukopenia (also a parvovirus), which is 98%, the only difference is two amino acids in the viral capsid protein VP2. There are two forms of Canine parvovirus type 2: intestinal type and cardiac type.

Porcine parvovirus (PPV)

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a 25-nm diameter, non-enveloped icosahedral virus that contains ~ 5 kb of negative sense, single-strand DNA (ssDNA) with two large open reading frames (ORFs) in its genome. ORF1 codes for the nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2 and NS3, and ORF2 codes for the structural proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. These structural proteins are responsible for the immunogenic properties of PPV. PPV infects pregnant gilts and sows, causing reproductive failure characterized by embryonic and fetal death, mummification and stillbirths, with delayed return to oestrus. The resulting reduction in reproductive capacity can significantly decrease pork production.

1. Non-structural Protein 1 (NS1) NS1 is 671 amino acid long protein that has a MW of ~78 kDa. NS1 contains two nuclear localization signals; KKPR and KKCGKK and is found predominantly in the nucleus of infected cells. NS1 contains a DNA binding and endonuclease domain at the N-terminus, an ATPase and NTP-binding domains in the central region and a transactivation domain at its C-terminus. NS1 is critical for virus DNA replication, and binds NSBEs (NS1 binding elements) of the minimum origin of replication of B19V dsRF DNA.
2. 11-kDa Protein The 11-kDa protein is expressed at high levels during B19V infection and localizes more in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus of infected cells. The 11-kDa protein is potent inducer of apoptosis during B19V infection. The 11-kDa protein enhances viral DNA replication and thus determines virion production. The 11-kDa protein has also been implicated in VP2 production and its distribution.
3. Capsid Proteins (VP1 and VP2) VP1 is a minor capsid protein, 781 amino acids long (~84 kDa). VP1 shares the same C-terminus with VP2, with extra 273 amino acids, called as VP1-unique (VP1u). VP2 is a major capsid protein, 554 amino acid long (~58 kDa). VP1 expression is low and with VP2 assembles into the viral capsid (VP1:VP2 = 1:20). The viral structural proteins (VP1/VP2) form the viral capsids for viral DNA encapsidation.

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