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Spines are neuronal protrusions, each of which receives input typically from one excitatory synapse. They contain neurotransmitter receptors, organelles, and signaling systems essential for synaptic function and plasticity. Numerous brain disorders are associated with abnormal dendritic spines. Spine formation, plasticity, and maintenance depend on synaptic activity and can be modulated by sensory experience.
Spines are classified into three classes (i.e., stubby, mushroom, and thin) based on the morphological characteristics of the spine head, neck, and length. In general, thin spines have long necks and a small head compared with mature, mushroom-shaped spines that have a wide head and thin neck. In contrast, stubby spines have no neck with the postsynaptic density (PSD) of their head in close proximity to the dendritic shaft. In addition to these types, there exist filopodia that resemble thin spines, but are longer and are devoid of bulbous heads and most cellular organelles. Thin and stubby spines likely represent the transient stages of spine formation and elimination whereas mushroom spines are thought to represent stable, mature synapses with presynapses opposite its PSD.
Cortactin is a monomeric protein located in the cytoplasm of cells that can be activated by external stimuli to promote polymerization and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the actin cortex around the cellular periphery. It is present in all cell types. When activated, it will recruit Arp2/3 complex proteins to existing actin microfilaments, facilitating and stabilizing nucleation sites for actin branching. Cortactin is important in promoting lamellipodia formation, invadopodia formation, cell migration, and endocytosis.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-8631 | Anti-CTTN monoclonal antibody, clone 1.U.32 | Ch | ICC/IF, WB, IP |
| DCABH-9467 | Anti-CTTN monoclonal antibody, clone FQS2034Z | H | WB, ICC, FC |
| DCABH-11166 | Anti-CTTN monoclonal antibody, clone 5D7 | H, M | WB, IHC-P, ELISA |
Drebrin, a dendritic spine protein, is manifold decreased in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DPAB2283GH | Anti-DBN1 (aa 254-272) polyclonal antibody | H | IF, IHC, WB, IP |
| DCABH-6232 | Anti-DBN1 monoclonal antibody, clone FQS23751(C) | H, M, R | IP, WB, ICC/IF |
| DCABH-6476 | Anti-DBN1 monoclonal antibody, clone FQS23745 | H, M, R | WB, ICC/IF, IP |
Neurogranin is a neural-specific postsynaptic protein involved in LTP signaling. Concentrated on dendritic spines in the hippocampus and basal forebrain, neurogranin binds to calmodulin to regulate calcium influxes. In animals, neurogranin knockdown models inhibit LTP and cognition, while upregulation promotes LTP and improves cognitive performance. Neurogranin concentrations decrease in hippocampi with increasing age and are related to CNS dysfunction in AD, though their relationship with AD biomarkers in asymptomatic or normal aging remains unknown.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DPABH-29150 | Anti-NRGN (aa 6-55) polyclonal antibody | R | WB |
| DPABH-19949 | Anti-NRGN (aa 45-55) polyclonal antibody | H, M | WB, IHC-P |
Spinophilin, also called neurabin II, interacts with several proteins that are highly enriched in spines. One of them, actin, is important for the formation, maintenance, and morphology of spines. In vitro, spinophilin bundles actin filaments, suggesting its possible role as one organizer of the actin-based cytoskeleton in dendritic spines. It is highly enriched in dendritic spines.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DPAB-DC3492 | Anti-PPP1R9B (aa 708-817) polyclonal antibody | H | WB, ELISA |
| DPABH-28993 | Anti-PPP1R9B (aa 286-390) polyclonal antibody | H, M, R, D | WB, IP |
| DPABH-29059 | Anti-PPP1R9B (aa 800-817) polyclonal antibody | R | WB, IP, ICC/IF |
Species: H Human; M Mouse; R Rat; Z Zebrafish; X Xenopus laevis; B Bovine; C Cow; D Dog; P Pig; Q Quail; G Goat; Ch Chicken
References
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