Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata, is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. The three main characteristics of MS are the formation of lesions in the central nervous system (also called plaques), inflammation and the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons. These features interact in a complex and not yet fully understood manner to produce the breakdown of nerve tissue and in turn the signs and symptoms of the disease. MS is believed to be an immune-mediated disorder that develops from an interaction of the individual's genetics and as yet unidentified environmental causes.
In most patients the early stages of disease, known as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) are characterized by clinical exacerbations, or relapses, caused by autoreactive immune cells that traffic into the CNS, resulting in focal inflammation and demyelination often visible as gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A characteristic feature of MS is the broad heterogeneity of clinical, histopathological and immunological phenotypes, which urges a more differentiated defining of patients by biological markers that reflect the underlying disease process and allow the prediction of disease courses and treatment responses.
Neurofilaments (NF) are neuronal cytoskeletal proteins consisting of a light (NFL), an intermediate (NFM), and a heavy (NFH) chain. They determine the diameter of axons and are involved in axonal transport. If axonal or neuronal damage occurs, NF are released and can be detected in the CSF and blood. According to a study by Disanto and colleagues, MS patients have elevated NFL levels compared to the control group, with a strong association of values measured simultaneously in CSF and serum. Serum NFL levels also correlate with MRI activity, degree of disability, and brain atrophy rate.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-345 | Anti-NEFL monoclonal antibody, clone OS5 | P | ICC/IF |
| DCABH-10183 | Anti-NEFL monoclonal antibody, clone 3G22 | H | IHC-P, IHC-Fr, WB |
| DCABH-12542 | Anti-NEFL monoclonal antibody, clone 3H20 | H | WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA, FC |
Neurofilaments (NF) are neuronal cytoskeletal proteins consisting of a light (NFL), an intermediate (NFM), and a heavy (NFH) chain. They determine the diameter of axons and are involved in axonal transport. If axonal or neuronal damage occurs, NF are released and can be detected in the CSF and blood. NF-H is axonal protein reflecting acute and ongoing axonal damage. And it is a CSF biomarker of accumulated axonal damage in progressive MS. Predictive of more severe EDSS progression and brain atrophy.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-3840 | Anti-NEFH monoclonal antibody, clone 9I21 | H | WB, IHC-P |
| DCABH-8031 | Anti-NEFH monoclonal antibody, clone 4H4 | H, R | IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF, WB |
| DCABH-8205 | Anti-NEFH monoclonal antibody, clone TNJ-47 | R | WB, ELISA, IHC |
The C-X-C motif chemokine-13 (CXCL13) is one of the most potent B cell chemoattractants and is significantly involved in the recruitment of B cells into the CNS in MS. Consequently, increased levels of CXCL13 in the CSF of MS patients could be measured compared to healthy controls. In addition, a correlation of elevated CXCL13 levels with disease activity was shown.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABY-3925 | Anti-CXCL13 monoclonal antibody, clone 64720 | H | WB, ELISA, FC, Neut |
| DCABY-3937 | Anti-CXCL13 monoclonal antibody, clone 254725 | M | ELISA, Neut |
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein has long been important in mouse models of demyelinating disease, causing loss or destruction of the protective sheath around nerves.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| DCABH-145 | Anti-MOG monoclonal antibody, clone FQS5393 | H, M, R | IHC, WB |
| DPABH-05207 | Anti-MOG (aa 236-247) polyclonal antibody | H, R | ICC/IF, IHC, WB, ELISA, IP |
| DPABH-16238 | Anti-Human MOG polyclonal antibody | H, M, R | WB, IHC, ELISA |
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major myelin constituent produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Expression of MBP was considered to be a marker for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the developing CNS and it has long been considered as a marker of active demyelination.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| CABT-50963MM | Anti-MBP monoclonal antibody, clone 10 | B | IHC-Fr, ELISA, WB |
| DCABH-8201 | Anti-MBP monoclonal antibody, clone TNJ 00 | H | IHC-Fr, ELISA, WB |
| DCABH-8200 | Anti-MBP monoclonal antibody, clone TNJ-05 | H, M, R | ICC/IF, IHC-P, IHC-F, WB |
Oligodendrocyte Marker O4 is a differentiation marker on the surface of oligodendrocyte precursors in the central nervous system.
| Cat. No | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
| CABT-B12377 | Anti-Human O4 monoclonal antibody, clone P5 [Biotin] | R | FC |
| CABT-B12378 | Anti-Human O4 monoclonal antibody, clone P5 | R | FC |
Species: H Human; M Mouse; R Rat; Z Zebrafish; X Xenopus laevis; B Bovine; C Cow; D Dog; P Pig; Q Quail
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