Anti-Androgen Receptor (AR-V7 specific) monoclonal antibody, clone SN8

Metasurfaces have been widely used to control beam propagation e.g. transmission, reflection, and absorption on an interface through a thin layer of nanoantennas with the thickness smaller than the wavelength. However, previous study of metasurfaces typically focused on controlling only one form of these propagations. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a multipolar plasmonic metasurface that can simultaneously realize antireflection (AR) and antitransmission (AT) in the visible and near-infrared regions. The AR and AT arise from destructive multipolar interferences in the backward and forward directions, respectively, i.e., through the generalized Kerker effect. By engineering the multipolar interference, we show that the AR and AT can happen at different or similar wavelength ranges, which can be used for low-absorption spectral filters due to off-resonance operation or inversely strong optical absorbers through near-resonance operation, respectively. We also present a simple two-dimensional design of the multipolar metasurface that supports AT for one polarization and AR for another polarization over a broadband, which is applicable to broadband transmissive polarizers with efficiency over 90% and the extinction ratio over 18 dB. By tuning the dimension and thus the multipolar interference, the transmitted polarization and operation wavelength are both controllable.

A mathematical model of an industrial Single Snorkel Refining Furnace (SSRF) has been developed to investigate dehydrogenation behaviour in the vacuum refining process. Dehydrogenation reactions were considered to take place at three sites: Ar bubble surface, bath surface, and the bulk steel. The effects of Ar bubble behaviour and H2 heterogeneous nucleation behaviour of the bulk steel on dehydrogenation were taken into account specifically. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured industrial data. Using the model, the dehydrogenation rate at different sites and its contribution to total dehydrogenation value were evaluated in detail. The results indicated that bulk steel dehydrogenation occurred only the high concentration range, while the other two reactions participated in the whole refining process. In addition, the effect of argon flow rate on the dehydrogenation rate was also obtained and the reasonable range of argon flow rate for SSRF treatment has been recommended.