Surface modification of high-rejection ultrafiltration membrane with antifouling capability using activated oxygen treatment and metallic glass deposition
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Authors: Kassa, Shewaye Temesgen; Hu, Chien Chieh; Keshebo, Degu Lere; Ang, Micah Belle Marie; Lai, Juin Yih; Chu, Jinn P.
Abstract
Polysulfone (PSf) composite ultrafiltration membranes were subjected to Ar/O-2 plasma assisted oxygen activation and then coated with various forms of metallic glass (W50Ni25B25, Zr60Cu25Al10Ni5, and Pd74Si14Cu12). The activated oxygen treated PSf ultrafiltration membrane was strongly hydrophilic, with pure water flux (PWF) of 350.7 L m(-2) h(-1) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 83%. The application of metallic glass (MG) to the surface of the polysulfone composite membrane using low-power radio-frequency magnetron sputtering improved the BSA rejection rate (ranging from 98.6 to 99.9%) with only a slight reduction in PWF: tungsten based MG (321.5 L m(-2) h(-1)), zirconium-based MG (215.6 L m(-2) h-1), and palladium-based MG (181.3 L m(-2) h(-1)). The membrane with the tungsten-based coating achieved remarkable PWF, BSA rejection, and antifouling performance, due primarily to high surface hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 24.2 degrees) and a strongly negative surface charge. Overall, the proposed metallic glass/polysulfone composite membranes achieved moderately high PWF and protein rejection with incredible antifouling competence, even under extended (multi-cycle) fouling conditions.
The fall, recovery, classification, and initial characterization of the Hamburg, Michigan H4 chondrite
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
Authors: Heck, Philipp R.; Greer, Jennika; Boesenberg, Joseph S.; Bouvier, Audrey; Caffee, Marc W.; Cassata, William S.; Corrigan, Catherine; Davis, Andrew M.; Davis, Donald W.; Fries, Marc; Hankey, Mike; Jenniskens, Peter; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe; Sheu, Shannon; Trappitsch, Reto; Velbel, Michael; Weller, Brandon; Welten, Kees; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Sanborn, Matthew E.; Ziegler, Karen; Rowland, Douglas; Verosub, Kenneth L.; Zhou, Qin; Liu, Yu; Tang, Guoqiang; Li, Qiuli; Li, Xianhua; Zajacz, Zoltan
Abstract
The Hamburg meteorite fell on January 16, 2018, near Hamburg, Michigan, after a fireball event widely observed in the U.S. Midwest and in Ontario, Canada. Several fragments fell onto frozen surfaces of lakes and, thanks to weather radar data, were recovered days after the fall. The studied rock fragments show no or little signs of terrestrial weathering. Here, we present the initial results from an international consortium study to describe the fall, characterize the meteorite, and probe the collision history of Hamburg. About 1 kg of recovered meteorites was initially reported. Petrology, mineral chemistry, trace element and organic chemistry, and O and Cr isotopic compositions are characteristic of H4 chondrites. Cosmic ray exposure ages based on cosmogenic He-3, Ne-21, and Ar-38 are similar to 12 Ma, and roughly agree with each other. Noble gas data as well as the cosmogenic Be-10 concentration point to a small 40-60 cm diameter meteoroid. An Ar-40-Ar-39 age of 4532 +/- 24 Ma indicates no major impact event occurring later in its evolutionary history, consistent with data of other H4 chondrites. Microanalyses of phosphates with LA-ICPMS give an average Pb-Pb age of 4549 +/- 36 Ma. This is in good agreement with the average SIMS Pb-Pb phosphate age of 4535.3 +/- 9.5 Ma and U-Pb Concordia age of 4535 +/- 10 Ma. The weighted average age of 4541.6 +/- 9.5 Ma reflects the metamorphic phosphate crystallization age after parent body formation in the early solar system.