Indirect ELISA IC50: 0.05 ppb Matched pair conjugate available for Aflatoxin antibody: Aflatoxin [BSA](Catalog # DAGA-011B) Aflatoxin [HRP](Catalog # DAGA-011H)
Target
Alternative Names
Aflatoxin Antibody
Citations
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Background
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some kinds of fungi in the field and during the storage of agricultural products, which can pollute a large number of food and agricultural products. Aflatoxin is a group of toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus. Among the many aflatoxin analogs and derivatives that have been found, the most common and important aflatoxins are aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1. Fungal reproduction and toxin secretion can be at any stage of the crop production chain. The biosynthesis of aflatoxin consists of about 13 enzymatic reactions starting from the fatty acid synthase caproate. About 30 genes are involved in the fungal production of aflatoxin. The invasion and growth of fungi in crops and the production of aflatoxins mainly depend on environmental factors, types of crops, and other ecological components of the environment.
Figure 1. Chemical structures of class B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1 aflatoxin (Source: Jallow A, et al. 2021)
About 60% to 80% of the world's food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins, mostly in peanuts, rice, nuts, spices and dried figs. Eating food contaminated with aflatoxin can be harmful to people's health. Short-term exposure to high levels of aflatoxin can lead to aflatoxin poisoning, and long-term intake of aflatoxin can cause serious health problems, such as congenital disabilities and stunting in children. Chronic aflatoxin poisoning can lead to liver cancer, growth retardation, low immunity, and other diseases. Acute poisoning is characterized by high fever, vomiting, ascites, liver failure, and foot edema, and the mortality rate is higher than that of chronic aflatoxin poisoning.
The exposure of crops to aflatoxins is not only a public health issue but also affects the trade and economy of individual countries, with higher economic losses in developing countries, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 38% of global agricultural losses due to aflatoxins. Countries have therefore adopted different control measures to prevent or minimize the exposure of humans and animals to aflatoxins, generally through regulations to prevent pre- and post-harvest contamination of agricultural products or to reduce contaminants in contaminated products to acceptable levels through removal, degradation, or decontamination.
References
1. Shabeer S, et al. Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact and Management Strategies: An Updated Review. Toxins (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;14(5):307.
2. Jallow A, et al. Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021 May;20(3):2332-2381.
Q: Do you have any information for specificity of this antibody? (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1?)
A: We have the following validation data: ELISA IC50: AFB1 0.05ppb, AFB2 0.07ppb, AFG1 0.1ppb, AFG2 0.2ppb, AFM1 0.7ppb
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References
Some relevant mitigating agents of chronic aflatoxin exposure: a treatise. Drug Chem Toxicol
Drug Chem Toxicol
Authors: Nazari M, Heidari R, Hami Z, Shiri M, Nassireslami E, Chamanara M.
Aflatoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, pose significant threats to human health due to their potent carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive properties. Chronic exposure to these contaminants, commonly found in staple foods such as maize and groundnuts, has been linked to an increased risk of liver cancer, growth impairment, and immune dysfunction. Several agents, such as calcium montmorillonite clay and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, have shown promise in reducing aflatoxin bioavailability and alleviating its toxic effects. Additionally, dietary supplements such as chlorophyllin, selenium, and N-acetylcysteine have demonstrated potential as adjuvants to counteract aflatoxin-induced oxidative stress and support liver function. In this treatise, some of the most discussed approaches to mitigating aflatoxin effects are explored in terms of their efficacy, safety, and potential mechanisms of action, which include direct aflatoxin binding, detoxification, cellular antioxidative, and hepatocellular protection properties. However, the effectiveness of these strategies can be influenced by various factors, such as dose, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Therefore, further research is needed to optimize these interventions and develop new, targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of aflatoxin-related diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of 18 pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, supplement, and probiotic strategies currently available for mitigating the deleterious effects of chronic aflatoxin exposure in humans and animal models.
Dietary aflatoxin exposure of lactating mothers of children 0-6 months in Makueni County, Kenya
The southeastern region of Kenya is prone to aflatoxin outbreaks, yet maternal and infant aflatoxin intake levels remain unclear. We determined dietary aflatoxin exposure of 170 lactating mothers breastfeeding children aged 6 months and below in a descriptive cross-sectional study involving aflatoxin analysis of maize-based cooked food samples (n = 48). Their socioeconomic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize were determined. Aflatoxins were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) and Palisade's @Risk software. About 46% of the mothers were from low-income households, and 48.2% had not attained the basic level of education. A generally low dietary diversity was reported among 54.1% of lactating mothers. Food consumption pattern was skewed towards starchy staples. Approximately 50% never treated their maize, and at least 20% stored their maize in containers that promote aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin was detected in 85.4% of food samples. The mean of total aflatoxin was 97.8 μg/kg (standard deviation [SD], 57.7), while aflatoxin B1 was 9.0 μg/kg (SD, 7.7). The mean dietary intake of total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 was 7.6 μg/kg/b.w.t/day (SD, 7.5) and 0.6 (SD, 0.6), respectively. Dietary aflatoxin exposure of lactating mothers was high (margin of exposure < 10,000). Sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize variably influenced dietary aflatoxin exposure of the mothers. The high prevalence and presence of aflatoxin in foods of lactating mothers are a public health concern and calls for the need to devise easy-to-use household food safety and monitoring measures in the study area.
COA
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Figure 1. Chemical structures of class B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1 aflatoxin
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