Anti-Adenovirus Polyclonal antibody[Biotin]

Background/Aims: Suboptimal responses to lamivudine or telbivudine plus adefovir (LAM/LdT+ADV) rescue therapy are common in patients with LAM-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. We compared patients switched to entecavir plus tenofovir (ETV+TDF) to those maintained on LAM/LdT+ADV. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial examined 91 patients whose serum HBV DNA levels were greater than 60 IU/mL after at least 24 weeks of treatment with LAM/LdT+ADV for LAM-resistant HBV. Patients were randomized to receive a new treatment (ETV+TDF, n=45) or maintained on the same treatment (LAM/LdT+ADV, n=46) for 48 weeks. Patients with baseline ADV resistance were excluded. Results: Compared to LAM/LdT+ADV group, ETV+TDF group had more patients with a virologic response (42/45 [93.33%] vs. 3/46 [6.52%], P<0.001) and had a greater mean reduction in serum HBV DNA level from baseline (-4.16 vs. -0.37 log(10 )IU/mL, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that high baseline HBV DNA level (P=0.005) and LAM/LdT+ADV maintenance therapy (P=0.001) were negatively associated with virologic response. At week 48, additional ADV- or ETV-associated mutations were cleared in ETV+TDF group, but such mutations were present in 4.3% of patients in LAM/ LdT+ADV group (P=0.106). The two groups had similar rates of adverse events. Conclusions: ETV+TDF combination treatment led to a significantly higher rate of virologic response compared to LAM/ LdT+ADV combination treatment in patients with LAM-resistant HBV who had suboptimal responses to LAM/LdT+ADV regardless of HBV genotypic resistance profile (NCT01597934).

Since the introduction of Bernstein operators, many authors defined and/or studied Bernstein type operators and their generalizations, among them are Morigi and Neamtu (Adv Comput Math 12:133-149, 2000). They proposed an analog of classical Bernstein operator and proved some convergence results for continuous functions. Herein, we introduce their integral extensions in Kantorovich sense by replacing the usual differential and integral operators with their more general analogues. By means of these operators, we are able to reconstruct the functions which are not necessarily continuous. It is shown that the operators form an approximation process in both C [0, 1] and L-p,L-mu [0, 1], which is an exponentially weighted space. Also, quantitative results are stated in terms of appropriate moduli of smoothness and K-functionals. Furthermore, a quantitative Voronovskaya type result is presented.