Anti-Leucomalachite Green polyclonal antibody

Malachite green (MG) is not permitted by the EU and FDA to be used in animals intended for human consumption due to its potential carcinogenesis. However, recent findings have shown residues of MG in fish sold to consumers. Therefore, the presence of MG residues is of concern. In this study, MG and its primary metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) in red tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) muscle tissue was quantified by a simplified method for sample preparation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The decision limit and detection capability for MG was 0.05 mu g/kg and 0.09 mu g/kg and for LMG was 0.05 mu g/kg and 0.08 mu g/kg, respectively. In addition, accuracy, precision, recovery, and matrix effects were also performed. To evaluate the persistence of MG and LMG, fish were exposed to dip (A) (66.7 mg/L; 30 s), dips (B) (66.7 mg/L; 30 s repeated for 5 days), short-term bath (C) (6.7 mg/L; 15 min), short-term bath (D) (6.7 mg/L; 15 min repeated for 5 days) and long-term bath (E) (0.5 mg/L; 6 days) treatments using MG. The MG and LMG residues were quantified at the following intervals; immediately after treatment, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, 20th and 30th day post-exposure. Long-term bath (E) showed the highest accumulation of total MG and LMG immediately after treatment (441.38 mu g/kg) and at day 30 (13.30 mu g/kg). Whereas, all other treatments (day 30) were below 0.26 mu g/kg.

Species belonging to the bacterial phylumPlanctomycetesare ubiquitous members of the microbial communities in aquatic environments and are frequently isolated from various biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine and limnic water bodies. Planctomycetes have large genomes of up to 12.4 Mb, follow complex lifestyles and display an uncommon cell biology; features which motivate the investigation of members of this phylum in greater detail. As a contribution to the current collection of axenic cultures of Planctomycetes, we here describe strain Pla52(T)isolated from wood particles in the Baltic Sea. Phylogenetic analysis places the strain in the familyPirellulaceaeand suggests two species of the recently described genusStieleriaas current closest neighbours. Strain Pla52n(T)shows typical features of members of the classPlanctomycetia, including division by polar budding and the presence of crateriform structures. Colonies of strain Pla52n(T)have a light orange colour, which is an unusual pigmentation compared to the majority of members in the phylum, which show either a pink to red pigmentation or entirely lack pigmentation. Optimal growth of strain Pla52n(T)at 33 degrees C and pH 7.5 indicates a mesophilic (i.e. with optimal growth between 20 and 45 degrees C) and neutrophilic growth profile. The strain is an aerobic heterotroph with motile daughter cells. Its genome has a size of 9.6 Mb and a G + C content of 56.0%. Polyphasic analyses justify delineation of the strain from described species within the genusStieleria. Therefore, we conclude that strain Pla52n(T)= LMG 29463(T)= VKM B-3447(T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species, for which we propose the nameStieleria variasp. nov.