Anti-HBV type ad, ay Surface Antigen Monoclonal antibody, Clone OZSIfqC-2

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platforms to detect biological samples via magnetic nanoparticles has shown great importance in clinical applications. In numerous studies, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, including ferromagnetic nanoparticles, have been adopted to improve the performance of magnetic nanoparticles. Here we developed a simple and novel europium (Eu)-containing polystyrene nanosphere (PS NS)based NMR system for rapid pathogen detection in clinical samples. Using this proposed portable NMR diagnostic system, we found that during pathogen detection, NPs with lower susceptibility (e.g., Eu-containing PS NSs) produced an unexpected detection effect compared with iron oxide NPs. Our Eu-containing PS NS-based NMR diagnostic system showed higher detection sensitivity, broader detection range, and higher stability than conventional iron oxide NP-based NMR platforms do. Using an inexpensive microcontact-printed Ag microcoil-based NMR probe, we demonstrated unprecedented detection sensitivity and speed with minimal sample preparation for pathogen analyses. The sample concentration of 0.2 ng/mL of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and 10 CFU/mL of Clostridium difficile can be attained by the NMR diagnostic system within 5 s, and concentration-detection ranges spanned over three orders of magnitude. With advantages of low-cost NMR probe, a portable instrument, and convenient operation, our proposed NMR platform may provide a promising point-of-care diagnostic system in clinical applications.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide, and 600 000 deaths are caused by HBV-related hepatic failure. Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a serum biomarker for liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis B. Here, we determine the effect of HBV infection on GP73 production and characterized the role of GP73 in HBV replication. Initially, we show that GP73 is highly produced in the sera of HBV-positive patients with chronic liver diseases and in HBV-stimulated leukocytes. In addition, HBV stimulation promotes GP73 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors and in macrophages derived from human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Notably, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), but not HBV replication, is required for the activation of GP73 expression. Moreover, in HepG2 cells and Huh7 cells, GP73 facilitates HBV replication and represses nuclear factor kappa B p50 expression, which in turn represses HBV replication and GP73 expression. Finally, we demonstrate that GP73 facilitates HBV replication by repressing the innate immune response and the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Taken together, we revealed a distinct positive feedback mechanism between HBV replication and GP73 production and suggest that GP73 acts as a potential antiviral target for HBV infection.