Suitable for use in ELISA, CLIA and LFIA. Each laboratory should determine an optimum working titer for use in its particular application. Other applications have not been tested but use in such assays should not necessarily be excluded. Recommended pairs for sandwich immunoassay: (Capture - Detection): CABT-L549 - CABT-L550
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Background
Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), named for its induction of müllerian duct degeneration during male sex differentiation, is now used as a serum marker of ovarian function to assess ovarian reserve function and polycystic ovary syndrome. AMH is expressed by granulosa cells growing follicles from the primary to the lesser antral stage of the ovary, and AMH expression disappears after follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent selection. In addition, AMH expression is lost in atretic follicles and corpus luteum. Notably, AMH is expressed at increasing levels in follicles up to 8 mm and is absent in follicles larger than 8 mm. This pattern of expression was positively correlated with the concentration of AMH in the follicular fluid, which was highest at 8 mm and declined sharply thereafter.
Figure 1. Anti-müllerian hormone expression and concentration in relation to folliculogenesis and ovarian reserve (Source: Moolhuijsen LME, et al. 2020)
AMH levels rise from birth and peak at approximately 25 years of age. Subsequently, serum AMH levels in adult women correlate negatively with age and decline to undetectable levels at the time of menopause beginning at age 25 years. There is wide inter-individual variation in AMH levels. Serum AMH levels are usually measured at the early follicular stage and are similar to other hormonal markers of ovarian function. Regarding concerns about whether the menstrual cycle affects AMH expression, initial studies showed that AMH levels were relatively stable during the menstrual cycle, but subsequent studies have found that AMH levels vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, and that AMH variations in women with higher basal levels of AMH are relatively greater throughout the menstrual cycle. This intra-individual variability suggests that a single measurement of AMH may result in an inaccurate assessment of ovarian functional reserve.
The clinical importance of AMH measurement has led to the development of several AMH assays, and currently commonly used manual assays include the modified Generation II AMH assay, the ultrasensitive AMH ELISA, and the picoAMH assays. The picoAMH ELISA has a higher sensitivity in the lower range, with a detection limit of 1.3 pg/mL, and this difference in sensitivity may be clinically important when evaluating serum AMH levels, especially if ovarian reserve is suspected to be low. In addition, two automated AMH assays are currently available: Access AMH and Elecsys AMH, and these automated assays use the same antibody pairs as the Generation II assay.
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References
Higher serum AMH level is associated with better pregnancy outcomes of IVF/ICSI assisted pregnancy in infertile patients under 35 years old
Drug Discov Ther
Authors: Ye F, Du Y, Cao W, Jiang R, Qi Q, Sun H, Zhou J, Wang L.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) on the pregnancy outcome of infertility assisted by IVF/Micro-Insemination/Embryo Transfer Infertility Assistance (IVF/ICSI-ET). A total of 324 patients under the age of 35 who received IVF/ICSI-ET assistance in our center were included in this analysis. AMH levels of these patients were measured by chemiluminescence method and divided into clinical pregnancy group (175 cases) and non-pregnancy group (149 cases) according to the final pregnancy outcome. The relationship between the two groups' pregnancy outcomes and AMH levels was analyzed. The above association was re-evaluated after excluding patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index (BMI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and 2 pronucleus (PN) between clinical and non-clinical pregnancy groups. Compared with the clinical pregnancy group, the level of AMH in the non-pregnancy group was significantly lower (p < 0.05). A higher AMH level was closely related to better IVF/ICSI-ET assisted pregnancy outcome in vitro. After excluding AMH abnormalities, the AMH level was still significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes of in vitro IVF/ICSI-ET-assisted pregnancy. Our results show a correlation between AMH level and pregnancy outcome of in vitro IVF/ICSI-ET assisted pregnancy. For women under age 35, lower AMH levels may be one of the predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For patients with low AMH level, it is suggested to strengthen monitoring to ensure the safety and smoothness of the pregnancy process.
Sexually dimorphic expression of AMH facilitates testis differentiation pathway in the tropical lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.)
The Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), also known as Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), is a glycoprotein that belongs to transforming growth factor β superfamily. The significance of AMH during gonadal differentiation is not clearly deciphered in reptiles. Hence, current study aims to know the onset of AMH secretion and its functional role in Mullerian duct regression gonadal differentiation in tropical lizard, Calotes versicolor which exhibits a novel Female-Male-Female-Male (FMFM) pattern of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR techniques were employed to analyze the gonadal expression profile of AMH during different stages of embryonic development. The eggs of the lizard were incubated at both male-producing temperature (MPT: 25.5 ± 0.5 °C) and female-producing temperatures (FPT: 31.5 ± 0.5 °C). The results reveal that the onset of AMH gene expression was observed as early as oviposition prior to the immunolocalization of AMH protein at early-TSP (Temperature-sensitive period). The substantial rise in the intensity of the immunoreaction of AMH protein in the cytoplasm confining to Sertoli cells of seminiferous cords at MPT with low level of expression at FPT during gonadal sex differentiation, specify sexually dimorphic expression of AMH protein. Further, with the onset of sexual differentiation, the developing testis immensely expresses AMH gene which is 7-fold greater than that of transcripts levels in female embryos; signifies its conserved role in Mullerian duct regression thereby promoting testis differentiation. The robust immunnoexpression of AMH protein during post-gonadal differentiation coincides with the onset of the regression of Mullerian duct point out a positive correlation between testis differentiation and Mullerian duct regression, thus facilitating testis differentiation pathway. Based on the immunoexpression pattern of AMH protein and transcript levels of AMH gene, it is inferred that AMH plays a significant role in Mullerian duct regression, favoring testis differentiation.
COA
Publication 
Figure 1. Anti-müllerian hormone expression and concentration in relation to folliculogenesis and ovarian reserve
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