Anti-AMH (pro-region) monoclonal antibody, clone M3

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is more prevalent among women of childbearing age. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune disease of the CNS with similar prevalence features to MS and has recently been considered a different entity from MS. Measuring ovarian reserve is one way of evaluating fertility. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a peptide hormone produced by ovarian granulosa cells of early follicles and is considered to be a marker for ovarian reserve. With MS and NMOSD predominance in young women, the present study aimed to address the possibility of these diseases affecting fertility by measuring AMH levels in MS and NMOSD patients and comparing it with healthy controls. The present study included 23 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, 23 seronegative NMOSD patients, and 23 healthy age-matched controls between 18 and 45 years of age. Serum samples of the three groups were collected, and the AMH levels were measured with AMH Gen II Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Beckman Coulter kit. In the present study, the AMH levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.996). The mean AMH in the RRMS group was 3.59 +/- 0.55 ng/ml compared with the mean of 3.60 +/- 0.50 ng/ml in healthy controls. The mean AMH levels in the NMOSD group were 3.66 +/- 0.61 ng/ml. Lower levels of AMH were found to be negatively associated with annualized relapse rate (in both groups of patients) and MS severity score. However, the difference was not significant. In NMOSD patients, the serum levels of AMH were negatively associated with disease duration (r = - 0.42,p = 0.023). There had been a significant negative correlation between mean AMH serum levels with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of diagnosis and at the time of study in the NMOSD group (r = - 0.402,p = 0.03 andr = - 0.457,p = 0.014, respectively). There was not a significant difference in mean serum AMH levels between RRMS and NMOSD patients compared with that of healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted, which take more variables affecting fertility in women with either RRMS or NMOSD into account to put an end to the controversial issue of fertility in this area.

Background:It is important to identify factors predicting successful ovarian protection using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists during chemotherapy. However, only a few studies have prospectively assessed this issue in young breast cancer patients. Objective:This study evaluated the predictive factors for successful ovarian protection with GnRH agonists during chemotherapy in young estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods:This prospective study analyzed 67 estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients <= 40 years of age who were longitudinally assessed after receiving GnRH agonists during cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy for ovarian protection. Associations between clinical characteristics or pretreatment hormones and successful ovarian protection [resumption of menstruation and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) >= 1 ng/ml]. Results:The mean age and pretreatment serum level of AMH were 33.2 years and 4.57 ng/ml, respectively. At 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy, most women (97%) experienced the resumption of menstruation. However, the proportion of patients with AMH >= 1 ng/ml at 12 months was 70.1%. In multivariate analyses, only the pretreatment serum AMH level (P< 0.001) was predictive for AMH >= 1 ng/ml at 12 months. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of pretreatment AMH exhibited an area under the curve of 0.866 (95% CI = 0.777-0.955) for AMH >= 1 ng/ml at 12 months. The cutoff value for the prediction of AMH concentration >= 1 ng/ml at 12 months was 2.87 ng/ml of pretreatment AMH with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.75. Conclusions:Pretreatment AMH (2.87 ng/ml) is a useful predictor for AMH >= 1 ng/ml at 12 months after receiving GnRH agonists in young estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients. This finding can help improve decision-making regarding fertility preservation.