Anti-PIV type 2, 3 Polyclonal antibody[HRP]

We have recently proposed a new method to extract the three-dimensional (3D) velocity vector data from double-exposure holographic particle image velocimetry (HPIV), which we call the digital shearing method. In contrast to the full 3D correlation, it has been shown that all three components (3Cs) of particle image displacement can be retrieved using six two-dimensional fast Fourier transform operations and appropriate coordinate transformations. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of this approach on actual HPIV data. The holographic recording method described uses an imaging system to record a hologram of high numerical aperture using a conventional 35 mm film. The holograms are digitized and particle images are reconstructed numerically. From particle images reconstructed from separate holograms, we illustrate the analysis process by computing the 3Cs of particle image displacement in a step-by-step manner.

The matrix (M) protein plays an essential role in the assembly and budding of some enveloped RNA viruses. We expressed the human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) M and/or NP genes into 293T cells using the mammalian expression vector pCAGGS. Biochemical and electron microscopic analyses of transfected cells showed that the M protein alone can induce the budding of virus-like particles (vesicles) from the plasma membrane and that the NP protein can assemble into intracellular nucleocapsid-like (NC-like) structures. Furthermore, the coexpression of both the M and NP genes resulted in the production of vesicles enclosing NC-like structures, suggesting that the hPIV-1 M protein has the intrinsic ability to induce membrane vesiculation and to incorporate NC-like structures into these budding vesicles.