Anti-PIV type 2, 3 Polyclonal antibody[FITC]

To obtain information relevant to vaccination against human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to individual viral components were tested. The CD8-positive T-cell fraction was first enriched from human, adult PBL and grown for several passages in the presence of hPIV-1-infected stimulator cells. T-cell lines were then tested for CTL activity toward hPIV-1 and toward the related viruses hPIV-3 and Sendai virus (the murine parainfluenza type 1 virus). All tested cultures which responded to hPIV-1 also responded to hPIV-3 and Sendai virus, demonstrating sequence conservation between all three viruses among major antigenic determinants for CTL. Specificity for particular viral components was defined using recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing individual proteins from either mouse or human parainfluenza type 1 viruses. Strong CTL responses toward hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, phosphoprotein, and nucleoprotein (NP) were demonstrated. The testing of vaccinia constructs expressing truncated proteins then showed that there were multiple CTL determinants within NP. Several T-cell lines from one donor recognized an NP peptide (amino acids 321-336) conserved between the hPIV-1 and Sendai virus. In total, the results demonstrated that the human CTL response is directed to multiple determinants within several distinct hPIV-1 proteins. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.

Associations between the severity of respiratory signs and symptoms and the respiratory viruses identified in 214 Japanese children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) enrolled between January and December 2012 were studied. Respiratory rate, wheezing, cyanosis, and the use of accessory muscles were used as indices of respiratory severity and phylogenetic analysis of the viruses identified in these children was performed. Respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) were prevalent, being detected in approximately 70% of the patients (151/214 patients). Co-detection of viruses occurred in about 9% of patients. RSV was identified more frequently in cases scored as moderate/severe than in those scored as mild (P<0.05). Severity scores of patients with RSV were significantly higher than those of cases with HPIV. Moreover, severity scores in patients with mild disease and co-detections were higher than in those in whom only HPIV or adenovirus was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that many genotypes of HRV-A and -C with wide genetic divergence were associated with acute respiratory illness (ARI). On the other hand, only a limited number of genotypes of RSV were associated with ARI. HPIV and HMPV were associated with ARI at similar frequencies. These results suggest that different respiratory viruses with unique genetic characteristics can be found in patients with mild to severe ARI.