Anti-PIV type 1 Polyclonal antibody

Sialic acids (Neu5Ac, 1) are involved in many biological functions of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and cells. Sialidases are a family of glycosidases that catalyze the removal of alpha-glycosidically linked sialic acid residues from carbohydrate groups of glycoconjugates. Among the compounds related to the sialic acid family, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acids (Neu5Ac2en, 2) are known to inhibit sialidases. Human parainfluenza viruses are important respiratory tract pathogens, particularly in children. However, no vaccines or specific therapies for infections caused by these viruses are currently available. This article reviews our progress and current trends of the modification of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro sialic acid analogs and biological evaluations of their inhibitory activities against human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) sialidases.

Numerous viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. They often precede serious lower respiratory tract infections. Each virus has a seasonal pattern, with peaks in activity in different seasons. We examined the effects of daily local meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity, "humidityrange" and dew point) from Edinburgh, Scotland on the seasonal variations in viral transmission. We identified the seasonality of rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B viruses, human parainfluenza viruses 1-3 (HPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) from the 52060 respiratory samples tested between 2009 and 2015 and then confirmed the same by a generalised linear model. We also investigated the relationship between meteorological factors and viral seasonality. Non-enveloped viruses were present throughout the year. Following logistic regression adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, RSV and HMPV preferred low temperatures; RSV and influenza A virus preferred a narrow "humidity-range" and HPIV type 3 preferred the season with lower humidity. A change (i.e. increase or decrease) in specific meteorological factors is associated with an increase in activity of specific viruses at certain times of the year.