Anti-HEV Polyclonal antibody

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Clinical presentation of hepatitis E mainly occurs as an acute and self-limited disease, though chronic cases are now being commonly reported in immunocompromised individuals. In high-income developed areas and non-endemic regions, HEV is mainly transmitted by the zoonotic route through direct contact with infected animals or by consumption of contaminated meat products. Although pigs and wild boars are the main reservoirs of the disease, HEV can also infect deer, camels, and rats and seems to have an ever-expanding host range. Peccaries (Tayassuidaefamily, superfamily Suoidea), the 'new world pigs', share susceptibility to several pathogens with domestic pigs and wild boars. Herein, we performed a serological and molecular survey of two captive populations of white-collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) from Uruguay, with the aim to assess the role of the species as an HEV reservoir. One-hundred and one serum samples were analysed for anti-HEV antibodies. Further evidences of active HEV infection were investigated in stool by RT-nested PCR. Animals from both wildlife reserves were exposed to HEV with an overall prevalence of 24.7%. Moreover, HEV RNA could be detected in peccaries' stool samples from one of the reserves. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the strains within HEV-3, closely related to both human and swine isolates. Our work provides the first evidences supporting the notion that white-collared peccaries are susceptible to HEV. However, these data should not be overinterpreted. Further research is needed concerning the role of peccaries in the transmission of HEV.

Series-parallel connected Li-ion battery string is an inevitable component of electric/hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV). One of the common concerns of battery system is charge imbalance among the series connected batteries, which leads to over voltage/under voltage stress, reduced cycle life and even fire hazard. To overcome these issues, various cell balancing circuits have been developed during the past years, in which most of these circuits have failed to consider state of charge (SOC), the unavoidable parameter in battery balancing. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-based mono circuitry for balancing cells arranged in module, considering SOC variations of battery. The performance of the proposed method is validated under MATLAB/Simulink environment by considering twelve cells arranged in four modules. Through this new topology, balancing can be achieved in a fast and an efficient manner.