Mouse Anti-HEV Capsid Monoclonal antibody, clone 272

An extended adaptive cruise control (ACC), called economic adaptive cruise control, is proposed to improve the fuel economy for power split hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) by optimizing the vehicle route, speed, and powertrain control simultaneously. The economic route and speed for a given origin-destination pair with the given expected trip time are optimized by a proposed vehicle macroscopic motion planning method, where the powertrain is optimized by a proposed global power distribution (GPD) strategy. The HEV powertrain controller, consisting of feedforward and feedback control schemes, is developed for real-time cruise control, where the former is based on the GPD strategy and the latter is based on the receding horizon linear quadratic tracking method. In addition, a mode-switch local optimization method is used to modify the reference speed for passing, traffic jam and light crossing. A co-simulation model, combining the SUMO traffic model and Simulink hybrid powertrain model, is developed and used for validating the proposed EACC strategy. The co-simulation results indicate that the proposed EACC is able to decrease the fuel consumption by more than 30% comparing with the power follower strategy adopting the fastest route. Note that even with the same powertrain controller, the economic route and speed stratgey is able to improve the fuel economy by 14.21%, comparing with the fastest route without optimization.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a public health concern because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum and the genetic diversity of HEV in many birds are unknown. In the present study, a novel genotype avian HEV was isolated from a bird, silkie fowl, and designated CHN-GS-aHEV (GenBank No. MN562265). The genome of CHN-GS-aHEV was analyzed in comparison with other avian HEVs' and the pathogenicity in silkie fowl was characterized. The results show that the CHN-GS-aHEV shares about 81 % identity with known avian HEV in chickens, ORF3 shares the highest identity (85.1 %-88.0 %) at the nucleotide level, while ORF2 shares the highest identity (96.5 %-98.0 %) at the amino acid level, indicating that the CHN-GS-aHEV belongs to a new genotype avian HEV. The pathogenicity study showed that silkie fowl experimentally infected with the CHN-GS-aHEV demonstrated seroconversion, viremia, fecal virus shedding, liver lesions, and increased ALT level. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes in hepatocyte cells by transmission electron microscopy were characterized by the loss of mitochondrial cristae and swollen mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the infected birds, suggesting that these two organelles may play a significant role in HEV replication. Overall, this study reports the complete genome characterization of a novel avian HEV and successful experimental infection in silkie fowl, and may be serving as a prominent indicator for additional avian HEV detection in other species.