Anti-FTO monoclonal antibody, clone 6-3I21

The research focus is on developing the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technique to obtain the simple, rapid, and nontoxic method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensor application. We have developed the heterojunction of a WO3/BiVO4 layer deposition on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using an electrodeposition method. The highlight of this development is the capability to immobilize a BiVO4 layer on the FTO/WO3 semiconductor electrode through our novel photoelectrodeposition method. A FTO/WO3/BiVO4 characteristics were studied to confirm the chemical composition, crystalline structure, morphology, optical properties, and charge transfer resistance. The results showed that the high efficiency of the BiVO4 layer deposited on the FTO/ WO3 electrode improved the visible light absorption, surface morphology, and charge transfer rate and enhanced the PEC activities over the FTO/WO3 electrode by up to 2.5 times. The FTO/WO3/BiVO4 electrode was applied as a photoanode for COD determination using the designed PEC cell. The developed PEC cell exhibits relative standard deviation of 2.03% and percentage recovery of 98%, which indicate the method's high precision and accuracy for COD determination. The proposed PEC cell for the COD sensor represents a simple, rapid, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient method for COD monitoring in a wastewater treatment system.

Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating n-type SnO(2)have attracted significant interest because of their excellent photovoltaic performance. However, the film fabrication of SnO(2)is limited by self-aggregation and inhomogeneous growth of the intermediate phase, which produces poor morphology and properties. In this study, a self-controlled SnO(2)layer is fabricated directly on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface through simple and rapid chemical bath deposition. The PSCs based on this hydrolyzed SnO(2)layer exhibit an excellent power conversion efficiency of 20.21 % with negligible hysteresis. Analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the charge transport dynamics indicates that the bias voltage influences both interfacial charge transportation and the ionic double layer under illumination. The hydrolyzed SnO2-based PSCs demonstrate a faster ionic charge response time of 2.5 ms in comparison with 100.5 ms for the hydrolyzed TiO2-based hysteretic PSCs. The results of quasi-steady-state carrier transportation indicate that a dynamic hysteresis in theJ-Vcurves can be explained by complex ionic-electronic kinetics owing to the slow ionic charge redistribution and hole accumulation caused by electrode polarization, which causes an increase in charge recombination. This study reveals that SnO2-based PSCs lead to a stabilized dark depolarization process compared with TiO2-based PSCs, which is relevant to the charge transport dynamics in the high-performing planar SnO2-based PSCs.