Rat FE(Ferritin) ELISA Kit

A hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar collector is well-known on its capability to generate electrical and thermal energy, simultaneously. Producing more thermal energy during the process contribute to poor performance on the electrical efficiency of the solar cells. Water and air can help by acting as the heat removal medium. Alternatively, this waste energy can be manipulated to produce hot air/water system. The paper presents the integration of both medium with the conventional PV/T collector. Major components fabricated in the system are two transparent photovoltaic modules connected in parallel as to generate electricity, double pass flat plat air collector, copper water tube and a storage tank as to store hot water produced. Experimental values on solar cell temperature, water temperature and air temperature on both channels have been measured. The performance of the system is calculated based on Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation. Under controlled indoor environment at radiation level of 800 W/m(2), air flow rate at 0.05 kg/s and water flow rate at 0.02 kg/s; the outlet temperature indicated reading of 27.4 degrees C. This is the best results from the overall experiment. The electrical efficiency achieved was 17% with average electrical power of 145 W and thermal efficiency accomplished was 76%. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The quality of research reactor fuel plates fabricated for irradiation testing purposes is dependent on the distribution of uranium bearing fuel phase within the fuel meat. This distribution is routinely monitored in plate type fuel to avoid excessive variability in local power that can lead to 'hot spots' that increase the probability for fuel failure. X-ray imaging has been routinely used to successfully eliminate this failure mode. However, characterization of this variability at a much higher resolution is also critical to support fuel performance assessment and traditional analysis techniques are not sufficient to meet research needs. An accurate and reproducible method for using X-ray imaging to non-destructively locate the distributed fuel phase and to evaluate the local uranium density in a fuel plate has been developed and is discussed in this paper. Four mini research reactor fuel plats were radiographed along with a well characterized U-8Mo step wedge using identical radiography exposure conditions. The intensity distribution inside the foil were then correlated with the intensity values of the U-8Mo step wedge. Considering the attenuation and density, the spatial distribution of effective fuel thickness was estimated and eventually the distribution of average fuel loading for each fuel plate was estimated. Results demonstrate that the X-ray imaging can be utilized to estimate fuel loading variation in the fuel plate samples and can serve as a representative method for the assessment of nuclear fuels plates for research purposes.