Anti-Salmonella type H-r Polyclonal antibody

Salmonellosis is the second most prevalent zoonosis in Europe and it has considerable economic and health implications for its monitoring and control as well as being among the most prevalent pathogens on livestock farms. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) has been identified as a competent host and spreader of Salmonella spp. There has been a significant increase in wild boar population in Europe in recent decades, and it is even present in urban areas. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of the seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in wild boar from Murcia (Southeast Spain) and its relationship with host-related risk factors (sex, age, location and density). The presence of antibodies against S. Typhimurium and Choleraesuis in 269 serum of wild boars hunted in Murcia between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed using a commercial ELISA test (PrioCHECK porcine Salmonella kit). The seroprevalence were spatially distributed using Kernel function, and wild boar density using Gaussian kernel estimates (spatialEco version 1.1.1). The risk function was estimated as the ratio between the intensity of positive samples and the wild boar density The overall seroprevalence was 19.3% (IC95% 16.9-21.8), showing a significant spatial aggregation. The highest seroprevalence detected was 51.8% (IC95% 42.2-61.5) in a specific area with high risk of infection (76-100%) and was related to the wild boar density. Only marginal differences were detected for sex and age. The use of ELISA combined with QGIS (version 3.6.0) has allowed the identification of areas of Salmonella occurrence associated with high density as risk factor.

The rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of foodborne pathogens is important to ensure food safety. Culture medium-based methods for bacteria detection have long been used since Robert Koch's first finding. These methods are simple and cheap but have limitations, such as being time-consuming, labor-intensive, and having low selectivity. In this regard, several alternative detection methods have been reported. Among these, recent studies related to the application of polymerase chain reaction, isothermal amplification, bacteriophage amplification, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gold nanoparticle aggregation for detection of pathogens in food are discussed in this review. The principles, advantages, and disadvantages of alternative methods are covered, including their rapidity, sensitivity, and selectivity. Finally, regulations related to bacterial pathogen detection in the United States and South Korea were compared with remarks for their progress.