Anti-Salmonella Monoclonal antibody, Clone 7432

Kitchen waste oil (KWO) was evaluated as a substrate for production of biosurfactant by Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358 and was tested against Aedes aegypti larvae, the mosquito causing neglected diseases, such as dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya, achieving 100 % mortality in the lowest concentration (6.25 %) evaluated in 24 h. Furthermore, possible applications of this compound were evaluated as antibacterial, anti-adhesive, and antifungal. At a concentration of 50 %, the biosurfactant was found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, showing high inhibitions levels against Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Aspergillus, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, and Fusarium, obtaining results of up to 95 % inhibition. In addition to these promising results, the yeast W. anomalus produced the biosurfactant from an inexpensive substrate, which increases the possibility of its application in several industries owing to the low cost involved.

High-throughput genomic sequencing has helped to reveal the plasmidome ofAeromonas salmonicida. This literature review provides an overview ofA. salmonicida's rich plasmidome by presenting all the plasmids identified so far, addressing their biological importance and the functional links between them. The plasmids ofA. salmonicida, especially those bearing antibiotic resistance genes, can provide clues about interactions of this species with other pathogens (animals and humans), as is the case for pRAS3-3432 andChlamydia suisor pSN254b andSalmonella enterica. In addition to antibiotic resistance, plasmids play an important role in the virulence ofA. salmonicida, particularly for the subspeciessalmonicidaand the plasmid pAsa5, which carries genes for the type-three secretion system, a virulence factor essential for the bacterium. TheA. salmonicidaplasmidome also has many cryptic plasmids with no known biological function, but which can be used for the acquisition of new genetic elements. Striking examples are pAsa7 and pAsaXII that provide, respectively, resistance to chloramphenicol and formaldehyde and are derivatives of cryptic pAsa2.