Specificity: Human PIVKA-II. (Cross-reaction: Prothrombin < 0.001%, Thrombin < 0.001%)
Application: ELISA, CLIA. Suitable for use as a capture antibody when paired with CABT-L2604
Isotype: Mouse IgG
Conjugation: Unconjugated. Different conjugations are also available upon request.
Corresponding antigen available: Recombinant Human PIVKA-II.
Summary
Specifications
Antibody Isotype
IgG1
Clone
N12455N
Species Reactivity
Human
Immunogen
Synthetic immunogen
Conjugate
Unconjugated
Applications
Application Notes
ELISA, CLIA We recommend the following antibodies for sandwich immunoassay (Capture - Detection): CABT-B9009 - CABT-L2604 Each laboratory should determine an optimum working titer for use in its particular application. Other applications have not been tested but use in such assays should not necessarily be excluded.
Target
Alternative Names
PROTEIN INDUCED VITAMIN K ANTAGONIST; Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin; protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II, PIVKA-II
Citations
Publication ()
Have you cited CABT-B9009 in a publication? Let us know and earn a reward for your research.
Background
Protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), also known as Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), was first described in 1968. In 1984, it was detected in 90.0% of HCC patients, suggesting that it may have potential use as a biomarker for HCC. It is an abnormal form of the coagulation protein, prothrombin, which is normally secreted into the plasma after the translation of gamma-glutamic carboxylase into carboxylic acid groups, and DCP/PIVKA-II is detected in people who are vitamin K deficient or taking medications that inhibit the effects of vitamin K.
At present, the early detection of HCC depends on the surveillance of high-risk groups, including chronic viral hepatitis and other chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previous monitoring methods, such as abdominal ultrasound, which depend on the operator's technology, have limitations in differential diagnosis; serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a low diagnostic accuracy and a sensitivity of 62.4%. In order to solve the limitations of existing techniques, researchers have proposed new serum biomarkers that can be used for HCC monitoring and early detection-PIVKA-II.
Elevated PIVKA-II is associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, and three related signal transduction pathways have been proposed. As a new marker, PIVKA-II can effectively improve the monitoring of high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared with traditional diagnostic methods, it has better performance in combination with other biomarkers. Secondly, PIVKA-II is an index to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HCC. Preoperative evaluation can help individualized treatment, and postoperative detection can evaluate the therapeutic effect. In addition, it is also considered to be a predictor of the prognosis of HCC. Patients with elevated PIVKA-II were more likely to develop microvascular invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. Creative Diagnostic provides you with mouse anti-human PIVKA-II monoclonal antibodies, which can help you to complete related experiments with high quality and high efficiency.
Figure 1. Relative levels of PIVKA-II for HCC management (Source: Yang Y, et al. 2021)
Alternative Names
protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II monoclonal antibody protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II mAb des-gamma carboxyprothrombin monoclonal antibody des-gamma carboxyprothrombin mAb DCP monoclonal antibody
References
1. Kim DY, et al. Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023 Apr;29(2):277-292.
2. Yang Y, et al. Progression of Prothrombin Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2021 Nov 10;11:726213.
My Review for Mouse Anti-Human PIVKA-II monoclonal antibody, clone N12455N
Creative Diagnostics products are for RESEARCH USE ONLY, please make sure your review is research based.
Required fields are marked with *
Terms and conditions:
We will select high-quality review customers and offer a $30 coupon for your next purchase.
All product reviews must be submitted in the English language.
Creative Diagnostics will not share any personal information of applicants, and all information will be treated with strict confidentiality and will not be sold or disclosed to a third party.
References
Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
Clin Mol Hepatol
Authors: Kim DY, Toan BN, Tan CK, Hasan I, Setiawan L, Yu ML, Izumi N, Huyen NN, Chow PK, Mohamed R, Chan SL, Tanwandee T, Lee TY, Hai TTN, Yang T, Lee WC, Chan HLY
Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. Though various studies have demonstrated the utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) in surveillance, treatment monitoring, and predicting recurrence, it is still not recommended as a routine biomarker test. A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and treatment monitoring of HCC, based on six predetermined statements. The experts agreed that PIVKA-II was valuable in the detection of HCC in AFP-negative patients, and could potentially benefit detection of early HCC in combination with AFP. PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. However, combining PIVKA-II with US and AFP for HCC surveillance, including small HCC, still requires more evidence, whilst its role in detecting AFP-negative HCC will potentially increase as more patients are treated for hepatitis-related HCC. PIVKA-II in combination with AFP and US has a clinical role in the Asia-Pacific region for surveillance. However, implementation of PIVKA-II in the region will have some challenges, such as requiring standardization of cut-off values, its cost-effectiveness and improving awareness among healthcare providers
Alpha-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein alone and in combination for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter analysis
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int
Authors: Guan MC, Ouyang W, Liu SY, Sun LY, Chen WY, Tong XM, Zhu H, Yang T.
Background: Current surveillance strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and their combinations in HCC underlying NAFLD patients.
Methods: Serologic AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II levels in NAFLD patients with and without HCC were measured. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were obtained to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker and their combinations.
Results: This study was conducted on 139 patients with NAFLD-HCC and 345 NAFLD controls. The elevation of these three biomarkers was observed in patients with NAFLD-HCC compared to those in NAFLD controls (all P < 0.001). When they were analyzed individually, PIVKA-II showed the best performance in diagnosing any-stage HCC with an AUC of 0.869, followed by AFP (0.763; vs. PIVKA-II, P < 0.001) and AFP-L3 (0.689; vs. PIVKA-II, P < 0.001). When they were analyzed in combination, AFP + PIVKA-II yielded the highest AUC (0.906), followed by AFP + PIVKA-II + AFP-L3 (0.904; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P = 0.086), PIVKA-II + AFP-L3 (0.881; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P < 0.001), and AFP + AFP-L3 (0.759; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P < 0.001). Similar findings were obtained in the subgroup with early-stage NAFLD-HCC, as well as the non-cirrhotic subgroup.
Conclusions: These data validated the better diagnostic ability of PIVKA-II than AFP or AFP-L3 alone for diagnosing any-stage HCC among patients with NAFLD, and the combination of AFP + PIVKA-II significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of NAFLD-HCC
COA
Publication 
Figure 1. Relative levels of PIVKA-II for HCC management
![The purity of recombinant human PIVKA-II (DCP) [His] >95%, determined by SDS-PAGE](https://resource.creative-diagnostics.com/diagnostics/productimages-1/DAG-WT831-1.jpg)
Loading ......
