Mouse TCC C5b-9 (Terminal Complement Complex C5b-9) ELISA Kit

Objectives We aimed to investigate the conduction velocity of the cold spinal pathway in healthy humans. Methods Using a cold stimulator consisting of micro-Peltier elements that was able to produce steep cooling ramps up to -300 degrees C/s, we recorded cold-evoked potentials after stimulation of the dorsal midline at C5, T2, T6 and T10 vertebral levels and calculated the conduction velocity of the cold spinal pathway. In all participants, we used laser stimulation to deliver painful heat (A delta-fibres-mediated) and warm (C-fibres-mediated) stimuli to the same sites in order to compare the conduction velocity of the cold spinal pathway with that of the nociceptive and warm spinal pathways. Results Cold stimulation evoked large-amplitude vertex potentials from all stimulation sites. The mean conduction velocity of the cold spinal pathway was 12.0 m/s, which did not differ from that of the nociceptive spinal pathway (10.5 m/s). The mean conduction velocity of the warm spinal pathway was 2.0 m/s. Discussion This study provides previously unreported findings regarding cold spinal pathway conduction velocity in humans that may be useful in the assessment of spinal cord lesions as well as in intraoperative monitoring during spinal surgery. Significance This neurophysiological study provides previously unreported findings on cold spinal pathway conduction velocity in healthy humans. Cold-evoked potentials may represent an alternative to laser-evoked potential recording, useful to assess spinothalamic tract in patients with spinal cord lesions and monitor patients during spinal surgery.

In psychotherapy, therapeutic alliance is an integrative factor influencing the effectiveness of treatment. This alliance depends on the bond between therapist and patient. Objectives. - This study investigates patient's psychological variables likely to facilitate or hamper a psychotherapeutic process. Methods. - We asked 38 clinicians to assess the importance of each domain and facet of the Five-factor model (five domains and thirty facets) supposed to facilitate or hamper therapeutic alliance. Results. - Results indicate that high openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness are perceived as favourable to therapeutic alliance. Beyond these results, we preferably focus on facets of the Five-factor model to assess their relevance for the facilitation or hindrance of therapeutic alliance. According to clinicians, 17 facets are supposed to affect positively therapeutic alliance: A2 (straightforwardness), O3 (feelings), C5 (self-discipline), O5 (ideas), O6 (values), C2 (order), O1(fantasy), C1 (competence), E2 (gregariousness), E1 (warmth), A6 (tender-mindedness), N5 (impulsiveness), A3 (altruism), C4 (achievement striving), E4 (activity), N1 (anxiety) and C6 (deliberation). Thirty-eight facets were supposed to have a negative effect on therapeutic alliance: A5 (modesty), A2 (straightforwardness), A1 (trust), C3 (dutifulness), E3 (assertiveness), E1 (warmth), A4 (compliance), O3 (feelings), C4 (achievement striving), N3 (depression), A6 (tender-mindedness), O5 (ideas), A3 (altruism), E5 (excitement-seeking), N5 (impulsiveness), O2 (aesthetics), E2 (gregariousness) and O1 (fantasy). Conclusion. - On this basis, we propose three experimental scores investigating the proneness to access therapy based on the Five-Factor Model. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.