Anti-C5 polyclonal antibody

Ether-based functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) show great potential in electrochemical devices and energy applications, but their microscopic behaviour is seldom investigated. In this work, the microscopic structures of two imidazolium-based ILs (1-methoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosullonyl )imide (EOMIMFSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl )imide (EMIMFSI)) and their hydrogen bonding interactions with acetonitrile (CH3CN) at various concentrations are investigated by using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), excess infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Additionally, the effects of introducing a functional group, i.e., an ether group, on the properties of the IL are explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) [EOMIM](+) can form an intra-molecular hydrogen bond with C2-H or C5-H, and the former is more stable. (2) The introduction of an ether group to the cation weakens the hydrogen bonding interactions between the cation and anion/CH3CN. (3) The introduction of an ether group to the cation changes the interaction sites between the ILs and CH3CN. In the EMIMFSI-CH3CN system, C2-H is the main interaction site. In the EOMIMFSI-CH 3 CN system, the interaction site with CH3CN changes from C2-H in the EOMIMFSI-CH3CN complex to C4-H in the ion pair-CH3CN/ion cluster-CH3CN complex. (4) Some complexes such as ion dusters, small ion dusters and ion pairs in the two systems are identified by excess infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A wide pressure range pyrolysis experiment of 2-ethylnorbornane (EthNB), a potential high energy-density fuel, was conducted in a micro-reactor at 773-1098 K, 0.1-3.0 MPa and 2.1-10.3 s to explore its high-pressure pyrolysis mechanism. Altogether 30 pyrolysis products are detected and quantified using online GC-MS/FID, which major products are ethylene, methane, 1,3-cyclopentadiene and benzene in descending order of importance. The first-order kinetic analysis shows that no isomerization of exo-EthNB and endo-EthNB into each other is observed and the activation energies of overall EthNB pyrolysis slightly increase from 0.1 MPa to 3.0 MPa, indicating the unfavorable effect of pressure. A detailed theoretical calculation of the EthNB initial pyrolysis is performed to explain the formation and selectivity of primary products under different pressures, which includes C-C dissociations and H-abstraction reactions leading to the diradical (BR8), C8H13 (BR1), C7H11 (BR2) and six C9H15 (R1-R4, R6, R7) radicals. These radicals undergo further decomposition via beta-C-C scission reactions to generate unstable intermediates and then the intermediates proceed to dissociate or isomerize. Finally, the other aliphatic and aromatic species may mainly come from the secondary reactions of primary products decomposition involving small radicals, C5 cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatics, as well as cross-coupling reactions of them.