Anti-HSP70 (aa1-641) monoclonal antibody, clone 4T9B

In general, goat mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are cultured in vitro under 37 degrees C. We demonstrated previously that goat MECs differentiate under 37 degrees C although their body temperature is approximately 39 degrees C. This study aimed to investigate the influence of 39 degrees C on lactogenic differentiation of goat milk-derived MECs. The results revealed that HSP70 gene was significantly elevated at 1 h after an exposure to 39 degrees C but declined at 48 h thereafter. Oxidative stress status was not significantly affected by 39 degrees C. Expressions of CSN2, beta-GALT1, alpha-LA, and Akt genes tended to increase after the differentiation under 39 degrees C. Secretion of lactose under 39 degrees C was not significantly lower than 37 degrees C. In conclusion, incubation temperature at 39 degrees C does not dramatically affect lactogenic function of goat milk-derived MECs.

Currently available commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have various limitations, such as the slow induction and short-term maintenance of antibody titers. Therefore, a novel FMD vaccine that can rapidly induce high neutralizing antibody titers to protect the host in early stages of an FMD virus infection, maintain high antibody titers for long periods after one vaccination dose, and confer full protection against clinical symptoms by simultaneously stimulating cellular and humoral immunity is needed. Here, we developed immunopotent FMD vaccine strains A-3A and A-HSP70, which elicit strong initial cellular immune response and induce humoral immune response, including long-lasting memory response. We purified the antigen (inactivated virus) derived from these immunopotent vaccine strains, and evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccines containing these antigens in mice and pigs. The immunopotent vaccine strains A-3A and A-HSP70 demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared with the A strain (backbone strain) in mice. The oil emulsion-free vaccine containing A-3A and A-HSP70 antigens effectively induced early, mid-term, and long-term immunity in mice and pigs by eliciting robust cellular and humoral immune responses through the activation of co-stimulatory molecules and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We successfully derived an innovative FMD vaccine formulation to create more effective FMD vaccines.