High Sensitivity SALIVARY 17β-ESTRADIOL ELISA Kit

Successful embryo implantation requires receptive endometrium, which is conducive to the process of embryo recognition, adhesion, and invasion within a certain period of time and is inseparable from the dynamic interaction between 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Proper glucose metabolism is critical for the profound physiological changes in the endometrium entering the receptive state. And glucose transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for intracellular uptake of glucose and are the first step in glucose metabolism. Prior literature has reported the presence of GLUTs in the endometrium. However, we still do not understand the specific mechanisms of this process. In this study, we identified the effect of P4 on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) usingin vivoanimal models and determined the regulation of glucose metabolism by P4 in cells. We highly suspect that this pregnancy failure may be due to reduced GLUT1-mediated glucose metabolism, resulting in a decrease in endometrial receptivity caused by an inadequate energy supply and synthesis of substrate. Here, we propose a possible mechanism to explain how embryo implantation is affected by P4 and glucose utilization under abnormal endometrial conditions.

Different clean-up stages were coupled to rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) of testosterone, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol and triclosan in urine samples prior to derivatization and detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By using Oasis (R) HLB as the sorptive phase, extraction equilibrium was reached after 60 min at a disk rotation velocity of 2000 rpm. The factors involved in sample preparation of the urine were comprehensively studied and implemented to minimize matrix effects that were mainly produced by polar pigments in the urine. A 10-fold dilution of the sample was necessary prior to RDSE, followed by a washing step of the sorptive phase with 10% (v/v) methanolic solution and final selective desorption of the analytes with ethyl acetate. Derivatization of the analytes was also studied in detail and implemented prior to GC-MS. The reaction was optimized in terms of derivatizing agent consumption, time and temperature, achieving significant improvements in these factors. Under the optimized conditions, the matrix effects decreased almost five-fold for all analytes, and the relative recoveries were between 89 and 111% with detection limits in the range of 0.004-0.54 ng mL(-1), whereas the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was below 14%. Analytes were determined in real samples in the presence and absence of enzymatic hydrolysis, assessing both their free and total forms. The free triclosan concentration was only 10% of the total concentration found in the same sample after hydrolysis. Estradiol and testosterone were quantified with high sensitivity at concentrations between 0.11 and 10.45 and 0.20-21.23 ng mL(-1), respectively. Progesterone was only quantified in a urine sample from a woman during pregnancy.