Gentamicin Rapid Test (Milk)

Chronic kidney disease remains as one of the serious health issues in South Asia. The paucity of effective pharmacotherapy targeting the management of chronic kidney disease has led to a search for alternative pharmacologic therapies. The traditional knowledge of medicinal plants plays a key role in the discovery of novel nephroprotective agents. This review aims to present the use of such South Asian ethnomedicinal plants that have sufficient therapeutic potency for the management of kidney diseases. Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds that have been reported to exert nephroprotective mechanisms, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, diuretic, and immunomodulation. Many South Asian medicinal plants have been detailed in traditional medicinal pharmacopoeias for the management of kidney-related diseases. Some have shown promising effects to address nephropathy in animal models and in vitro research. This information can be beneficial in the development of novel pharmaceutical agents targeting the management of kidney diseases and improvement of quality of life for chronic kidney disease patients by fulfilling the requirements for disease management unmet by modern allopathic medicine.

Purpose Postnatal closure of a myelomeningocele (MMC) is a complex procedure with frequent complications following surgery. Bacterial colonization of the placode may cause infection and subsequent complications. The objectives of this study were to determine the preoperative bacterial colonization rates, to assess the antibiotic regimen, and to evaluate the overall postoperative infection rate. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing MMC closure in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were evaluated. Epidemiological data, surgical data, complication characteristics, and microbiological results were documented. Results A total of 45 patients were evaluated; in 41 patients, a wound swab of the placode was performed directly before MMC closure (91%). All patients received a prophylactic antibiotic treatment for a mean of 5.6 +/- 2.7 days around the performed MMC closure. In three patients with a wound swab (7.3%), a bacterial colonization could be detected-none of the patients developed a subsequent infection. Overall, 7 other patients developed an infection (15.6%), three local surgical site infections, and four shunt-related infections. After applying a standardized perioperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin, the infection rate was observed to be lower compared with that of a non-standardized treatment (6% vs. 45%;p = 0.019). Conclusions In neonates who undergo MMC closure in the first 48 h after birth, the colonization rate of the placode was lower than previously reported. While the data presented cannot proof the benefit of a perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, as compared with no prophylaxis, infection rates are low with a standardized antibiotic regime comprising ampicillin and gentamicin.