Structural and physical characteristics of the yucca fiber
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
Authors: Moghaddam, Meghdad Kamali; Karimi, Ehsan
Abstract
Yuccafiber is a natural cellulose fiber that can be extracted from theYuccaplant leaves by retting. The physical properties of theYuccafiber are extremely sensitive to the retting conditions. This research was designed to study the effects of chemical retting on the structural and properties of this fiber. Chemical retting was done by soaking theYuccaleaf in 10 to 150 g/l sodium hydroxide concentration at 80 to 100 degrees C for 60 to 240 min. Fiber characteristics such as fineness, tenacity, functional groups, crystallinity, thermal degradation, and surface morphology were then investigated. TheYuccafibers exhibited high crystallinity (56-66%), high tenacity (36-46 cN/tex), and low linear density (3-5 tex). It was also found that the elementary fiber had a mean diameter of about 1.2 mu m and a helical structure of square-shaped spires. The thermogravimetric analysis also indicated that theYuccafiber had the thermal stability of up to 250 degrees C. Based on the findings, theYuccafiber may be suitable for various applications such as a reinforcement material in the composites applications and can be turned to yarn for textile applications.
A phase I study investigation of metabolism, and disposition of [C-14]-anlotinib after an oral administration in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Liu, Yiqian; Liu, Lianke; Liu, Lingxiang; Wang, Tongshan; Guo, Lian; Wang, Yixiang; Gao, Zhengzhen; Shu, Yongqian
Abstract
Purpose Anlotinib is a novel oral multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which selectively inhibits VEGFR2/3, FGFR1-4, PDGFR alpha/beta, c-kit, and Ret. It shows antitumor effect in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. The detailed absorption, metabolism, and excretion pathways of anlotinib have not yet been fully investigated. Methods Six male patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (containing two patients) received 14.15 mg/80 mu Ci/subject [C-14]-anlotinib hydrochloride. Group B (containing four patients) received 14.15 mg/120 mu Ci/subject [C-14]-anlotinib hydrochloride. The blood, urine, and feces of all the six patients after orally administration of [C-14]-anlotinib were collected. The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [C-14]-anlotinib were investigated, and the efficacy and safety of anlotinib were evaluated. Results In plasma, the average time to peak concentration (T-max) of total radioactivity was 4.42 h and the average peak concentration (C-max) of total radioactivity was 18.80 ng Eq./g. The average values of AUC(0-last), AUC(0-infinity), and MRT0-t were 4071 h.ng Eq./g, 13,555 h.ng Eq./g, and 125 h, respectively. The average recovery of total radioactivity (TRA) in urine and feces was 62.03%, accounting for 48.52% and 13.51% in feces and urine of the total dosage, respectively. The parent drug, a carboxylic metabolite (M30), and mono-oxidation products (M46/M66) were major drug-related components in human plasma. Oxidative metabolism played the major role in drug clearance in human. The major metabolic pathways include oxidative deamination to M2, mono-oxidation to M1, and the formation of M30. Adverse events occurred in five patients and severe adverse events (SAE) occurred in one. Tumor response were evaluated as stable disease (SD) in three, partial response (PR) in one, and progressive disease (PD) in one of the patients, respectively. Conclusions Anlotinib had a good pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, long half-life, and extensive hepatic metabolism. The adverse events and efficacy were as expected.