Anti-Cysteine polyclonal antibody

Carbon nanodots (CDs) were prepared through a one-step pyrolysis procedure using cysteine as precursor. The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectrum (FL). It was turned out that the average size of as-prepared CDs was 3.12 nm and they showed good fluorescence property. Silver ions can bind to the CDs and effectively quench the fluorescence through photo induced electron transfer (PET). Further, benefitting from its coordination with heavy metal ions, penicillamine combines with Ag+ and makes the latter leave the surface of the carbon dots to achieve fluorescence recovery. Based on this, an Ag+ assisted CDs fluorescent turn-on probe was established to recognize penicillamine. The linear range of this method was 8 similar to 500 mu mol.L-1 with a detection limit of 5.62 mu mol.L-1. The penicillamine content in urine sample was detected and the recovery was in the range of 97.17%-102.05%.

A simple, sensitive and green micellar liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for enantioseparation of four racemic amino acids, namely, (RS)-selenomethionine, (RS)-methionine, (RS)-cysteine and (RS)-penicillamine. An aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Brij-35 was prepared and used as mobile phase for HPLC analysis. Activated esters of (S)-ibuprofen, (S)-ketoprofen and (S)-levofloxacin were synthesized by reacting them withN-hydroxybenzotriazole. These esters were characterized by UV, IR,(HNMR)-H-1, HRMS and elemental analysis. These chiral reagents (activated esters) were used for the synthesis of diastereomeric derivatives of the chosen amino acids. The diastereomeric derivatives were separated on a C(18)column by micellar liquid chromatography. Chromatographic conditions were optimized by varying concentration of surfactant in aqueous solution, and by varying the concentration and pH of the buffer. The green assessment score was calculated for the developed method (78, an excellent green method score). In addition, density functional theory calculations were performed, using Gaussian 09 rev. A.02 and hybrid density functional B3LYP with a 6-31G* basis set program, in order to develop lowest energy optimized structures of diastereomeric derivatives. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and the retention factor (k), selectivity factor (alpha), resolution factor (R-S) and limit of detection (0.295 ng ml(-1)) and limit of quantification (0.896 ng ml(-1)) were calculated.