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We provide a series of key antibodies and antigens for Diabetes & Metabolism related research and diseases, including Adiponectin, Albumin, ApoA1, ApoB, C-peptide, Ferritin, HbA1c, Insulin, Lactoferrin, Vitamin B12 and Leptin.
Adiponectin is an adipokine that is specifically and abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and directly sensitizes the body to insulin. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors represent potential versatile therapeutic targets to combat obesity-linked diseases characterized by insulin resistance. It may have a diagnostic value and can be used especially for monitoring treatment success.
Albumin has special relevance to people with diabetes because its presence in urine is a marker of diabetic kidney disease. The measurement of albumin in the urine is used as a standard non-invasive test for the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy(DN).
ApoA1, also known as apolipoprotein A1, has a specific role in lipid metabolism. Research shows that lower ApoA1 improves the risk prediction of new type 2 diabetes(T2DM).
ApoB, also known as apolipoprotein B, is a structural component of all atherogenic lipoprotein particles (VLDL, IDL, Lp(a), LDL), each containing one molecule of apoB100. Plasma apoB, but not LDL cholesterol, levels is associated with CAC scores in type 2 diabetic whites. ApoB levels may be particularly useful in assessing atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
C-peptide, also known as the connecting peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In diabetes and other diseases, a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between certain diseases with similar clinical features.
Ferritin acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. It is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein, but small amounts are secreted into the serum where it functions as an iron carrier. Ferritin levels also correlated with individual components of the metabolic syndrome, particularly serum triglycerides and plasma glucose, as well as markers of insulin resistance.
HbA1c, also known as Glycated hemoglobin, is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the three-month average plasma glucose concentration. In diabetes mellitus, higher amounts of glycated hemoglobin, indicating poorer control of blood glucose levels, have been associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. A lack of insulin, or an inability to adequately respond to insulin, can each lead to the development of the symptoms of diabetes.
Lactoferrin, also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses. Increased baseline concentration of lactoferrin strongly predicted the long-term risk for fatal ischemic heart disease in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.
Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system via the synthesis of myelin (myelinogenesis), and the formation of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient required for optimal hemopoetic, neuro-cognitive and cardiovascular function. Biochemical and clinical vitamin B12 deficiency has been demonstrated to be highly prevalent among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Leptin is a 16 kDa adipocyte-derived protein that circulates in free and bound form. It is secreted by adipose tissue and plays a role in the control of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and immune regulation.
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