Exosomal Ready to Use Kit is the ideal platform for capturing and the quantifying exosomes from plasma. Exosomal Ready to Use Kit features pre-coated ELISA plate with primary antibodies detection directed against exosome-specific markers, namely α-CD9. Secondary antibodies and substrate reagents are included in the kit. Exosome standards for assay calibration are also included in the kit. Exosome standards are purified by ultracentrifugation and microfiltration, quantified for overall protein content and exosome number and then lyophilized for long-term storage.
Storage
All the reagents are shipped at 4°C and storage conditions as recommended in the product insert.
Sensitivity
The detection limit of an assay is lower than 0.35 ug of overall exosome which is an equivalent of less than 50 pg of targeted exosomes protein.
General Description
Exosomes are small endosome derived lipid nanoparticles (50-120 nm) actively secreted by exocytosis by most living cells. Exosome release occurs either constitutively or upon induction, under both normal and pathological conditions, in a dynamic, regulated and functionally relevant manner. Both amount and molecular composition of released exosomes depend on the state of a parent cell. Exosomes have pleiotropic physiological and pathological functions and an emerging role in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
Citations
Publication ()
Have you cited DEIABL506 in a publication? Let us know and earn a reward for your research.
Background
The classification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is evolving, and EVs can be divided into ectosomes and exosomes based on whether the vesicles are produced by direct outward budding from the cell membrane. ectosomes are vesicles that sprout directly outward from the plasma membrane, producing larger diameter microvesicles, microparticles, and apoptotic vesicles. In contrast, exosomes (EXOs) originate internally and are smaller in diameter. The exosomes first bud inward from the plasma membrane to form early endosomes, which subsequently mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which involve budging inward through the endosomal membrane to form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). The ILVs contain substances such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from the parental cells. ILVs formation is driven by the protein complex required for translocation, the endosomal sorting complex (ESCRT), and the associated proteins, ALG2-interacting protein X (ALIX) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), which aggregate ubiquitinated MVB membrane proteins and induce inward outgrowth of the MVB membrane.
Figure 1. The biogenesis pathways and biochemical composition of EVs (Source: Lai JJ, et al. 2022)
Exosomes, apoptotic bodies and microvesicles can be distinguished according to the type and quantity of carrying substances, and these substances can also be used as markers of clinical diagnosis and EVs characteristics. In exosomes, it is now generally accepted that CD9, CD63 and CD81 are characteristic proteins of exosomes, and all of them are common tetraspanin proteins in exosome membranes, which play roles in membrane fusion, signaling and protein transport. ALIX, flotillin and TSG101 are also involved in the biogenesis of exosomes. ESCRT and the related proteins hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate, flotillin, TSG101, and ALIX mediate MVB formation and ILV phagocytosis and are common exosomes cargoes. Rab27a and Annexin are vesicular fusion and transport proteins that mediate the docking of MVB with plasma membrane and regulate the secretion of exosomes. Exosomes are also rich in cytoskeletal proteins actin and myosin as well as heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90. In summary, these proteins are markers that distinguish exosomes from other EVs and can be used for exosome detection and isolation.
Creative Diagnostics provides ExoAssayTM ELISA kits for CD9 markers to rapidly capture and quantify total exosomes from human plasma, allowing you to obtain exosome results faster and more conveniently.
Alternative Names
Human Plasma Overall EXO ELISA Kit
References
1. Lai JJ, et al. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 May;9(15):e2103222.
2.Lee YJ, et al. GPR143 controls ESCRT-dependent exosome biogenesis and promotes cancer metastasis. Dev Cell. 2023 Feb 27;58(4):320-334.e8.
My Review for ExoAssay™ Human Plasma Overall Exosome ELISA Kit
Creative Diagnostics products are for RESEARCH USE ONLY, please make sure your review is research based.
Required fields are marked with *
Terms and conditions:
We will select high-quality review customers and offer a $30 coupon for your next purchase.
All product reviews must be submitted in the English language.
Creative Diagnostics will not share any personal information of applicants, and all information will be treated with strict confidentiality and will not be sold or disclosed to a third party.
References
Application of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in drug delivery
Pharm Dev Technol
Authors: Barzin M, Bagheri AM, Ohadi M, Abhaji AM, Salarpour S, Dehghannoudeh G.
Exosomes are one type of extracellular vesicles with size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which are involved in intercellular communication by transporting specific proteins, nucleic acids, and low molecular weight metabolites. The size and competence of exosomes to transfer biological materials to recipient cells have made them suitable for biomedical use. Therefore, exosomes have been studied as drug delivery systems for various diseases due to low immunogenicity, preferred tumor homing, innate and acquired targetability, and stability. They are secreted by almost all cells from multivesicular endosomes and retrieved in all body fluids including bile, saliva, blood, lymph, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, and etc. Plants' organs also secrete exosomes (Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs)) which have been considered as an economical and affordable source of production. PELNs are pharmacologically rich in active molecules because of owning unique compositional and morphological features and they can be used as natural nano-carrier for transporting exogenous molecules. In this review, the bio-component and the applications of PELNs as drug delivery systems in neural disorders, tumor-targeted delivery, and gene delivery have been reviewed in different plants such as aloe, turmeric, ginger, lemon, grapefruit, grape, and strawberry.
Exosome-Autophagy Crosstalk in Enveloped Virus Infection
Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs) predominantly present in bodily fluids, participate in various physiological processes. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, eliminates proteins and damaged organelles by forming double-membrane autophagosomes. These autophagosomes subsequently merge with lysosomes for target degradation. The interaction between autophagy and endosomal/exosomal pathways can occur at different stages, exerting significant influences on normal physiology and human diseases. The interplay between exosomes and the autophagy pathway is intricate. Exosomes exhibit a cytoprotective role by inducing intracellular autophagy, while autophagy modulates the biogenesis and degradation of exosomes. Research indicates that exosomes and autophagy contribute to the infection process of numerous enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses, comprising viral nucleic acid, proteins, or virions, can be encapsulated within exosomes and transferred between cells via exosomal transport. Consequently, exosomes play a crucial role in the infection of certain viral diseases. This review presents recent findings on the interplay between exosomes and autophagy, as well as their implications in the infection of enveloped viruses, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis and vaccine research of enveloped virus infection
COA
Publication 
Figure 1. The biogenesis pathways and biochemical composition of EVs
Loading ......
