Anti-PKM2 monoclonal antibody, clone 3E9

Previous studies have shown that protein kinase M zeta (PKM zeta), a brain-specific isoform of protein kinase C, is involved in the central processing of nociception in several pain models by using a synthetic zeta inhibitory peptide. In the present study, we investigated whether PKM zeta contributes to the pathogenesis of postsurgical pain using both conditional and conventional PKM zeta knockout mice. Our results showed that the expression of PKM zeta in anterior cingulate cortex, but not spinal cord, of the conditional PKM zeta knockout mice was inhibited following tamoxifen injection. And the conditional PKM zeta knockout mice displayed similar plantar incision-produced postsurgical pain responses as those in wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of PKM zeta was inhibited in both anterior cingulate cortex and spinal cord of the conventional PKM zeta knockout mice. And there were no significant differences in the development of postsurgical pain among wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous conventional PKM zeta knockout mice. These data suggest that PKM zeta is not required for the development of postsurgical pain after plantar incision.

New information acquired by our brain is stored in the form of two types of memories: short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM). Initially, Synaptic and Capture hypothesis has been proposed to describe the synaptic changes that occur during memory formation. However, recently Behavioral Tagging hypothesis was proposed that relies on the setting of a learning tag and the synthesis of plasticity related proteins (PRPs). Behavioral Tagging has its roots in Synaptic and Capture hypothesis. It seeks to explain that how a learning tag produced as a result of weak training can be paired up with PRPs (formed as a result of novelty) and can lead to long lasting memories. We have focused on describing behavioral paradigms that have been used for establishing the model of "Behavioral Tagging" and the molecules which qualify for potential PRP candidature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.