Progesterone Receptor (Phospho-Ser190) ELISA Kit

Purpose: To study the correlations of the recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery with serum gastrointestinal hormones, serum anti-Helicobacter pylori (anti-HP) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Methods: According to whether gastric cancer recurred within five years after surgery, the patients were divided into recurrence group (RE group, gastric cancer recurred within five years after surgery, n= 78) and non-recurrence group (NR group, gastric cancer did not recur within five years after surgery, n=69). Differences in lymph node metastasis, gastrointestinal hormones, VEGFs, anti-HP IgG antibody and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage between RE group and NR group were detected and compared, so as to analyze the correlations of these factors with the recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery. Results: The levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) after meals in RE group and NR group were slightly higher than those before meals. The levels of GAS and MTL in RE group were higher than those in NR group in the two periods (p <0.05). Besides, compared with NR group, RE group had lower pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II and PG I/II ratio (PGR), but a higher positive value of anti-HP IgG antibody (p<0.05) and higher levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D (p<0.05). Moreover, there were markedly more cases of gastric cancer in stage III, remarkably few cases of gastric cancer in stage I and obviously more cases of lymph node metastasis in RE group than those in NR group (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that gastrointestinal hormones, lymph node metastasis, VEGFs, the TNM stage of gastric cancer and anti-HP IgG antibody were all risk factors for the recurrence of gastric cancer after radical surgery (p<0.05). Conclusions: The recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery is related to the TNM stage of gastric cancer, gastrointestinal hormones, VEGFs, lymph node metastasis, anti-HP IgG antibody and other factors.

Hormonal regulation controls mammary gland (MG) development. Therefore some hormone-related factors can disrupt the early phases of MGs development, making the gland more susceptible to long term modifications in its response to circulating hormones. Endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), are able to cause alterations in hormone receptor expression, leading to changes in the cell proliferation index, which may expose the tissue to neoplastic alterations. Thus, we evaluated the variations in hormone receptor expression in the MG of 6-month old Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA and 17 beta estradiol during the perinatal period. Receptors for estrogen alpha (ER alpha), beta (ER beta), progesterone (PGR), prolactin (PRL-R), and co-localization of connexin 43 (Cx43) and ER alpha in gerbils were analyzed, and serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were assessed. No alterations in body, liver, and ovary-uterus complex weights were observed. However, there was an increase in epithelial ER alpha expression in the 17 beta estradiol (E2) group and in PGR in the BPA group. Although immunohistochemistry did not show alterations in ER beta expression, western blotting revealed a decrease in this protein in the BPA group. PRL-R was more present in epithelial cells in the vehicle control (VC), E2, and BPA groups in comparison to the intact control group. Cx43 was more frequent in E2 and BPA groups, suggesting a protective response from the gland against possible malignancy. Serum concentration of estradiol reduced in VC, E2, and BPA groups, confirming that alterations also impacts steroid levels. Consequently, perinatal exposure to BPA and the reference endogenous estrogen, 17 beta estradiol, are able to increase the tendency of endocrine disruption in MG in a long term manner, since repercussions are observed even 6 months after exposure.