Melatonin [HRP]

The extremely important use of mobile phones in the world, at all ages of life, including children and adolescents, leads to significant exposure of these populations to electromagnetic waves of radiofrequency. The question, therefore, arises as to whether exposure to these radiofrequencies (RFs) could lead to deleterious effects on the body's biological systems and health. In the current article, we review the effects, in laboratory animals and humans, of exposure to RF on two hormones considered as endocrine markers: melatonin, a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland and cortisol, a glucocorticosteroid synthesized by the adrenal glands. These two hormones are also considered as markers of the circadian system. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Web of Sciences (ISI Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, and EMF Portal. From this review on RF effects on cortisol and melatonin, it appears that scientific papers in the literature are conflicting, showing effects, no effects, or inconclusive data. This implies the need for additional research on higher numbers of subjects and with protocols perfectly controlled with follow-up studies to better determine whether the chronic effect of RF on the biological functioning and health of users exists (or not). Bioelectromagnetics. (c) 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society

The interfaces of hormones and endogenous molecules associated with nanostructured materials is one of the ways to evaluate the therapeutic potential. Melatonin is a neurohormone that is related to oxidative metabolism. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the principal etiological agent of cervical cancer. Cervical mucus is a biological system whose main function is the protection of the uterine cervix. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and rheological behavior of cervical mucus. The cervical mucus was analyzed the melatonin concentration, viscosity, superoxide, and the superoxide dismutase. Melatonin showed lower concentration in the cervical mucus from women infected with HPV. The viscosity was lowest in mucus from women infected with oncogenic HPV. The positive samples for HPV also showed high superoxide release and reduced CuZn-SOD levels indicating oxidative stress. Melatonin adsorbed to the polyethylene glycol microsphere (PEG-MLT) was efficient in restoring the viscosity, superoxide anion, and CuZn-SOD at similar levels to mucus from women negative for HPV. These data suggest that in high-risk HPV infections, there is a decrease in melatonin levels and the viscosity of cervical mucus. PEG-MLT was efficient in reducing oxidative stress and restoring viscosity of cervical mucus.