Rational Design of DNA-Expressed Stabilized Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers
CELL REPORTS
Authors: Aldon, Yoann; McKay, Paul F.; Allen, Joel; Ozorowski, Gabriel; Levai, Reka Felfodine; Tolazzi, Monica; Rogers, Paul; He, Linling; de Val, Natalia; Fabian, Katalin; Scarlatti, Gabriella; Zhu, Jiang; Ward, Andrew B.; Crispin, Max; Shattock, Robin J.
Abstract
The HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the main target of antigen design for antibody-based prophylactic vaccines. The generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) likely requires the appropriate presentation of stabilized trimers preventing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody (nNAb) epitopes. We designed a series of membrane-bound Envs with increased trimer stability through the introduction of key stabilization mutations. We derived a stabilized HIV-1 trimer, ConSOSL.UFO.750, which displays a dramatic reduction in nNAb binding while maintaining high quaternary and MPER-specific bNAb binding. Its soluble counterpart, ConSOSL.UFO.664, displays similar antigenicity, and its native-like Env structure is confirmed by negative stain-EM and glycosylation profiling of the soluble ConSOSL.UFO.664 trimer. A rabbit immunization study demonstrated that the ConSOSL.UFO.664 can induce autologous tier 2 neutralization. We have successfully designed a stabilized native-like Env trimer amenable to nucleic acid or viral vector-based vaccination strategies.
Characterization of HIV-1 Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: Pardi, Norbert; LaBranche, Celia C.; Ferrari, Guido; Cain, Derek W.; Tombacz, Istvan; Parks, Robert J.; Muramatsu, Hiromi; Mui, Barbara L.; Tam, Ying K.; Kariko, Katalin; Polacino, Patricia; Barbosa, Christopher J.; Madden, Thomas D.; Hope, Michael J.; Haynes, Barton F.; Montefiori, David C.; Hu, Shiu-Lok; Weissman, Drew
Abstract
Despite the enormous effort in the development of effective vaccines against HIV-1, no vaccine candidate has elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies in humans. Thus, generation of more effective anti-HIV vaccines is critically needed. Here we characterize the immune responses induced by nucleoside-modified and purified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines encoding the clade C transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope (Env) 1086C. Intradermal vaccination with nucleoside-modified 1086C Env mRNA-LNPs elicited high levels of gp120-specific antibodies in rabbits and rhesus macaques. Antibodies generated in rabbits neutralized a tier 1 virus, but no tier 2 neutralization activity could be measured. Importantly, three of six non-human primates developed antibodies that neutralized the autologous tier 2 strain. Despite stable anti-gp120 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, tier 2 neutralization titers started to drop 4 weeks after booster immunizations. Serum from both immunized rabbits and non-human primates demonstrated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. Collectively, these results are supportive of continued development of nucleoside-modified and purified mRNA-LNP vaccines for HIV. Optimization of Env immunogens and vaccination protocols are needed to increase antibody neutralization breadth and durability.