Border Trap Characterizations of Al2O3/ZrO2 and Al2O3/HfO2 Bilayer Films Based on Ambient Post Metal Annealing and Constant Voltage Stress
NANOMATERIALS
Authors: Rahman, Md. Mamunur; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Kim, Tae-Woo
Abstract
This study represents a comparison of the border trap behavior and reliability between HfO2 and ZrO2 films on n-In0.53Ga0.47As with an Al2O3 interfacial layer. The effect of different post metal annealing conditions on the trap response was analyzed and it was found that the N-2:H-2 mixed FGA passivates the border trap quite well, whereas N-2-based RTA performs better on interface traps. Al2O3/HfO2 showed more degradation in terms of the threshold voltage shift while Al2O3/ZrO2 showed higher leakage current behavior. Moreover, Al2O3/ZrO2 showed a higher permittivity, hysteresis, and breakdown field than Al2O3/HfO2.
Estrous synchronization in ewes: The use of progestogens and prostaglandins
ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION A-ANIMAL SCIENCE
Authors: Yu, X. J.; Wang, J.; Bai, Y. Y.
Abstract
This review summarizes the first principles, hormone types, and applied research related to the synchronization of estrus in ewes. The hormones used to induce synchronization include progestogens, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), fluorogestone acetate (FGA), a controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) device, progesterone (P-4), norgestomet, and prostaglandins. These are usually combined with gonadotropins. Research on these hormones indicates that CIDR, MAP, and FGA can be regarded as equally effective for induction of estrus in ewes. Prostaglandins are a suitable alternative for estrous synchronization especially considering that progestogens may have negative effects on the functionality of ovulatory follicles. Artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and the acceleration of herd genetic trait improvement are among the potential practical applications of synchronous estrus in ewes.