Systematically explore the potential hepatotoxic material basis and molecular mechanism of Radix Aconiti Lateralis based on the concept of toxicological evidence chain (TEC)
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Authors: Zhang, Kai; Liu, Chuanxin; Yang, Tiange; Li, Xinxin; Wei, Longyin; Chen, Dongling; Zhou, Jiali; Yin, Yihui; Yu, Xinyu; Li, Fei
Abstract
Radix aconiti lateralis (Fuzi) is widely used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthenia, pain and inflammation. However, its toxic alkaloids often lead to adverse reactions. Currently, most of the toxicity studies on Fuzi are focused on the heart and nervous system, and more comprehensive toxicity studies are needed. In this study, based on the previous reports of Fuzi hepatotoxicity, serum pharmacochemistry and network toxicology were used to screen the potential toxic components of Heishunpian(HSP), a processed product of Fuzi, and to explore the possible mechanism of HSP-induced hepatotoxicity. The results obtained are expressed based on the toxicological evidence chain (TEC). It was found that 22 potential toxic components screened can affect Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and other related pathways by regulating AKT1, IL2, F2, GSR, EGFR and other related targets, which induces oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cell apoptosis, immune response, and excessive release of inflammatory factors, eventually inducing liver damage in rats. This is the first study on HSP-induced hepatotoxicity based on the TEC concept, providing references for further studies on the toxicity mechanism of Fuzi.
The next tier of EGFR resistance mutations in lung cancer
ONCOGENE
Authors: Tumbrink, Hannah L.; Heimsoeth, Alena; Sos, Martin L.
Abstract
EGFRmutations account for the majority of druggable targets in lung adenocarcinoma. Over the past decades the optimization of EGFR inhibitors revolutionized the treatment options for patients suffering from this disease. The pace of this development was largely dictated by the inevitable emergence of resistance mutations during drug treatment. As a result, a rapid understanding of the structural and molecular biology of the individual mutations is the key for the development of next-generation inhibitors. Currently, the field faces an unprecedented number of combinations of activating mutations with distinct resistance mutations in parallel to the approval of osimertinib as a first-line drug forEGFR-mutant lung cancer. In this review, we present a survey of the diverse landscape of EGFR resistance mechanisms with a focus on new insights into on-targetEGFRkinase mutations. We discuss array of mutations, their structural effects on the EGFR kinase domain as well as the most promising strategies to overcome the individual resistance profiles found in lung cancer patients.