Human EGFR (pY1068)/Pan EGFR ELISA Kit

Background Recently, fusion variants of the breast cancer anti-oestrogen-resistance 4 (BCAR4) gene were recurrently discovered in lung adenocarcinoma from the genome-wide studies. However, the functional characterisation of BCAR4 fusion has not been investigated. Methods Based on the analysis of RNA-sequencing data, we identified a fusion transcript of CD63-BCAR4 in a Korean patient with lung adenocarcinoma who did not harbour any known activating mutations in EGFR and KRAS genes. To investigate the oncogenic effect of CD63-BCAR4, in vitro and in vivo animal experiments were performed. Results In vitro experiments showed strongly enhanced cell migration and proliferation by the exogenous expression of CD63-BCAR4 protein in bronchial epithelial cells. Cell migration was notably reduced after knockdown of BCAR4 fusion by small-interfering RNA. The tumorigenic and metastatic capability of the CD63-BCAR4 fusion was confirmed by using the mouse xenograft model. Fusion-overexpressed cells result in metastasis to the liver and lung as well as the primary tumours after subcutaneous injection into mice. Cyclin D1, MMP1, Slug and mesenchymal markers were significantly increased after CD63-BCAR4 overexpression in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest a newly identified fusion gene, CD63-BCAR4 as a potential novel oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia occurring after cardiac surgery. Less attention has been focused on preoperative atrial fibrillation and anaemia as risk factors for mortality after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to determine preoperative risk factors for 30-d mortality after open-heart surgery. Design. The study population consisted of 2015 patients (73.4% men; mean age 68 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (52.0%), aortic valve replacement (AVR) (18.6%), AVR and CABG (10.0%), mitral valve plasty or replacement (14.0%), and AVR and aortic root reconstruction (ARR) (5.5%) in Kuopio University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated. Results. Total 30-d mortality was 1.8%. By Cox regression analysis, predictors of 30-d mortality (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]) included female gender (1.95 [1.00-3.77]), preoperative atrial fibrillation, (2.38 [1.12-5.03]) reduced haemoglobin level (3.40 [1.47-7.90]), and pulmonary congestion (3.16 [1.52-6.55]). The combination of preoperative reduced haemoglobin and preoperative atrial fibrillation was a strong predictor (12.37 [4.40-34.77], p < .001). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) predicted 30-d mortality in univariate models but was not an independent predictor in multivariate models. Conclusions. According to the main findings of our study, the combination of preoperative atrial fibrillation and reduced haemoglobin level substantially increase the risk of 30-d mortality after cardiac surgery. Identification of high-risk patients pre-operatively could help to make optimal clinical decisions for timing of operation and perioperative treatment.