Being-for-itself and the Ontological Structure Can Being-for-itself Avoid Bad Faith?
SARTRE STUDIES INTERNATIONAL
Authors: Santoni, Ronald E.
Abstract
In this paper, I pay tribute to Jonathan Webber, one of the most dependable interpreters among recent Sartre scholars. I do so by challenging both him and Sartre on an issue that has long frustrated my work on Sartre. In short, Sartre contends that the For-itself's desire to be (and to pursue) Being-in-itself-for-itself (i.e., God) is in bad faith. This raises two issues: (1) Is this desire to be ens causa sui part of the ontological structure of the For-itself? (2) If so, is bad faith an essential part of the human being? I contend that the desire to be the In-itself-for-itself is, on Sartre's premises, part of the ontological structure of an existing human being (pour-soi). As our original flight from freedom and "fundamental project," this constitutes bad faith's "coming into the world," and remains part of Being-for-itself's "natural" disposition to bad faith.
Randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence for market access and surveillance of high-risk products-The example of paclitaxel
GEFASSCHIRURGIE
Authors: Behrendt, C. -A.; Rother, U.; Ruemenapf, G.; Uhl, C.; Goertz, H.; Boeckler, D.
Abstract
In 2018 and 2020, two meta-analyses using summary-level data from randomized controlled trials reported worse mortality following the application of paclitaxel-coated stents and balloons in femoropopliteal and crural arteries. These results initiated a heated global discussion concerning the validity of this association, while various observational studies using clinical and administrative registries proved the safety of coated devices. This article aimed to summarize the development and adoption of paclitaxel-coated balloons and stents for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in clinical practice, research, and practice guidelines. It especially focusses on the European Union's medical device regulation, which has far-reaching implications for the market approval and monitoring of high-risk medical devices.