BAD (Phospho-Ser155) ELISA Kit

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up. Methods: Seventy-seven mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54 (70.1%) of patients completed the same protocol at a 3-month follow-up (T-2). Forty-two matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results: At baseline, mTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients' lives by HIT-6 (beta = 0.389, P = 0.007) in acute stage. Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01-0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels had persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 months postinjury. Conclusion: The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation.

The gym market has been undergoing changes for decades, both in terms of service delivery and management model, reshaping the forms of action in order to attract new customers. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of services provided by gyms considering sociodemographic variables. For the data collect, the Scale of quality assessment of services provided by fitness center (QUASPA) was applied to a population composed of 290 clients of gyms located in the city of Londrina-Parana. It was identified that gyms have a worse quality in services related to marketing. Significant differences were identified in the variables education, time of continuous physical exercise practice, time of continuous physical exercise practice in the same gym and the number of gyms already attended. It was concluded that customers with higher education level, longer time of physical exercise, longer time of physical exercise in the same gym and larger number of gyms attended demonstrate a more critical perception of quality regarding the services provided by gyms.