Anti-RSV Polyclonal antibody[Biotin]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well known for causing a potentially severe course of bronchiolitis in infants. Many paediatric healthcare workers claim to be able to diagnose RSV based on cough sound, which was evaluated in this study. Parents of children < 1 year old admitted to the paediatric ward because of airway complaints were asked to record cough sounds of their child. In all children, MLPA analysis-a variation of PCR analysis-on nasopharyngeal swab was performed (golden standard). Sixteen cough fragments representing 4 different viral pathogens were selected and presented to paediatric healthcare workers. Thirty-two paediatric nurses, 16 residents and 16 senior staff members were asked to classify the audio files and state whether the cough was due to RSV infection or not. Senior staff, nurses and residents correctly identified RSV with a sensitivity of 76.2%, 73.1% and 51.3% respectively. Correct exclusion of RSV cases was performed with a specificity of 60.8%, 60.2% and 65.3% respectively. Sensitivity ranged from 0 to 100% between colleagues; no one correctly identified all negatives. Residents had significantly lower rates of sensitivity than senior staff and nurses. This was strongly related to work experience, in which more than 3.5 years of work experience was related to the best result. Conclusion: Senior staff and nurses were better in making a cough-based diagnosis of RSV compared to residents. Both groups were able to detect the same proportion of true RSV patients based on cough sounds compared to bedside tests but could not validly distinguish RSV from other pathogens based on cough sounds.What is Known:center dot Many paediatric healthcare workers claim to be capable of diagnosing RSV in infants based on cough sound center dot Up to now, no studies investigating the recognisability of RSV based on cough sound are publishedWhat is New:center dot Senior staff and paediatric nurses performed better than various other bedside tests in diagnosing RSV but could not replace MLPA analysis center dot Residents need at least 3.5 years of work experience to be able to make a RSV diagnosis based on cough sound

Planthoppers are the most notorious rice pests, because they transmit various rice viruses in a persistent-propagative manner. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between virus and vector are crucial for virus transmission by vector insects. However, the number of known PPIs for pairs of rice viruses and planthoppers is restricted by low throughput research methods. In this study, we applied DeNovo, a virus-host sequence-based PPI predictor, to predict potential PPIs at a genome-wide scale between three planthoppers and five rice viruses. PPIs were identified at two different confidence thresholds, referred to as low and high modes. The number of PPIs for the five planthopper-virus pairs ranged from 506 to 1985 in the low mode and from 1254 to 4286 in the high mode. After eliminating the "one-too-many" redundant interacting information, the PPIs with unique planthopper proteins were reduced to 343-724 in the low mode and 758-1671 in the high mode. Homologous analysis showed that 11 sets and 31 sets of homologous planthopper proteins were shared by all planthopper-virus interactions in the two modes, indicating that they are potential conserved vector factors essential for transmission of rice viruses. Ten PPIs between small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus (RSV) were verified using glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/His-pull down or co-immunoprecipitation assay. Five of the ten PPIs were proven positive, and three of the five SBPH proteins were confirmed to interact with RSV. The predicted PPIs provide new clues for further studies of the complicated relationship between rice viruses and their vector insects.