Anti-CBL (aa 893-906) polyclonal antibody

Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK) play critical roles in mediating plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these complex functions and the potential cross talk between the diverse downstream signaling networks are regulated still remain elusive. Here we characterized a VaCIPK02 from Vitis amurensis, and show it functions in salt and drought stresses. We have identified that, at least, the domain at C terminus of VaCIPK02 involved in transcriptional activation. VaCIPK02 could strongly interact with four Ca2+ sensor proteins, VaCBL1, 4, 5 and 8, respectively. A Y2H-based screen to isolate genes encoding VaCIPK02-interacting proteins identified 12 additional partners, including an ABA receptor PYL9, which interacts with VaCIPK02 in vivo. Constitutive expression of VaCIPK02 in Arabidopsis showed extremely sensitive to salt stress, but displayed increased tolerance to drought stress accompanied by ABA-hypersensitive stomata closure, improved water-conserving capacity, and increased cellular ABA levels. Moreover, overexpression of VaCIPK02 caused reduced cellular levels of ABA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by regulating the expression levels of many ABA-responsive genes to scavenge and modulate ROS levels. Our results provide evidence for the involvement of VaCIPK02 along with its diverse interacting proteins in regulating salt and drought stress signal pathway.

Vertical profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture are essential to capture the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Our goal is to use weather observing unmanned aircraft systems (WxUAS) to perform the vertical profiles by taking measurements while ascending through the ABL and subsequently descending to the Earth's surface. Before establishing routine profiles using a network of WxUAS stations, the climatologies of the flight locations must be studied. This was done using data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) model. To begin, NARR data accuracy was verified against radiosondes. While the results showed variability in individual profiles, the detailed statistical analyses of the aggregated data suggested that the NARR model is a viable option for the study. Based on these findings, we used NARR data to determine fractions of successful hypothetical flights of vertical profiles across the state of Oklahoma given thresholds of visibility, cloud base level (CBL) height, and wind speed. CBL height is an important parameter because the WxUAS must stay below clouds for the flight restrictions being considered. For the purpose of this study, a hypothetical WxUAS flight is considered successful if the vehicle is able to reach an altitude corresponding to a pressure level of 600 hPa. Our analysis indicated the CBL height parameter hindered the fractions of successful hypothetical flights the most and the wind speed tolerance limited the fractions of successful hypothetical flights most strongly in the winter months. Northwest Oklahoma had the highest fractions of successful hypothetical flights, and the southeastern corner performs the worst in every season except spring, when the northeastern corner performed the worst. Future work will study the potential effect of topology and additional variables, such as amount of rainfall and temperature, on fractions of successful hypothetical flights by region of the state.