E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3.
Pathway
Regulation of autophagy; Senescence and Autophagy;
Custom Antibody Labeling
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Citations
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Wang, JH; Ahn, S; et al. Autophagy Suppresses Age-Dependent Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Livers of Mice. GASTROENTEROLOGY 141:2188-U360(2011).
Umemiya-Shirafuji, R; Galay, RL; et al. Expression analysis of autophagy-related genes in the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY 201:169-175(2014).
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