E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3.
Pathway
Regulation of autophagy; Senescence and Autophagy;
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Citations
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Choy, A; Dancourt, J; et al. The Legionella Effector RavZ Inhibits Host Autophagy Through Irreversible Atg8 Deconjugation. SCIENCE 338:1072-1076(2012).
Luis, A; Martins, JD; et al. Oxidative stress-dependent activation of the eIF2 alpha-ATFr unfolded protein response branch by skin sensitizer 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene modulates dendritic-like cell maturation and inflammatory status in a biphasic manner. FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 77:217-229(2014).
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COA
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