Rabbit Anti-Human ARAF Polyclonal antibody

In the present study, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a fraction (AAP-2A) of polysaccharides from angelica and astragalus (AAP) were investigated. Characteriztion assay showed that AAP-2A had molecular weight (Mw), root-mean square (RMS) radius and polydispersity index (M-w/M-n) of 2.252 x 10(3) kDa, 28.4 nm and 1.038, respectively. There were infrared characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides in FT-IR spectroscopy. AAP-2A was composed of rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 1:2.13:3.22:6.18 in GC analysis. Methylation analysis combined with NMR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that a preliminary structure of AAP-2A was proposed as follows: 1,3-linked Rhap, 1,3-linked Galp, 1,3-linked Araf, 1,5-linked Araf, 1,3,5-linked Araf, 1,4-linked Glcp and 1,4,6-linked Glcp interspersed with terminal Glcp. AAP-2A exhibited a surface with a sheet-like appearance in scanning electron microscope and stronger antioxidant capacity compared with AAP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A water-soluble polysaccharide LMP-1 was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). LMP-1 has a molecular weight of 1.01 x 10(4) Da, and is composed of glucose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.03:1.08. Methylation and the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of LMP-1 revealed that it is mainly composed of -> 4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ->, -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ->, -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ->, and beta-D-Araf-(1 ->, with branching at O-6 of -> 4,6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ->. LMP-1 showed up regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The upstream proteins of Toll like receptors (TLRs) (CD14 and MD2) and mRNA level of IL-1 beta also increased. Increased transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) p65 was found in the nuclei and cytoplasm in LMP-1-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results indicated that LMP-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophages and elicited immunostimulatory activities via the TLR5/NF-kappa B signalling pathway. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.