A stretchable solid-state zinc ion battery based on a cellulose nanofiber-polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte and a Mg0.23V2O5 center dot 1.0H(2)O cathode
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Authors: Xu, Wangwang; Liu, Chaozheng; Wu, Qinglin; Xie, Weiwei; Kim, Won-Young; Lee, Sang-Young; Gwon, Jaegyoung
Abstract
In comparison with well-protected rigid batteries with liquid electrolytes, solid-state batteries (ssBs) are more beneficial, offering high flexibility, high wearability and leakage prevention. Currently, ssBs with the capability of bending and twisting have been extensively studied. However, it remains a challenge to develop a highly stretchable ssB with the maintenance of high performance. Herein, we report a stable solid-state zinc ion battery (ssZIB) based on a cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel electrolyte and a Mg0.23V2O5 center dot 1.0H(2)O cathode. The designed CNF-PAM hydrogel shows high stretchability and robust mechanical stability. Moreover, the porous CNF-PAM hydrogel electrolyte provides efficient pathways for the transportation of zinc ions. And the robust layered structure of V2O5 center dot 1.0H(2)O pillared with Mg(2+)ions and water supports the fast insertion/extraction of zinc ions in the lattice. Therefore, the designed ssZIB shows unprecedented high capacity at high current with durable cycling life. At a current density of 5 A g(-1)(charging time of around 3 minutes), the ssZIBs can deliver a high reversible capacity of 216 mA h g(-1)after 2000 cycles and retain 98.6% of the initial capacity, showing a high capacity and long-life durability at high currents. Furthermore, the designed spring ssZIBs can work under stretching with the strain reaching 650%. And the designed ssZIBs are still operational even under repeated bending, freezing, and heating conditions. The ssZIBs show robust mechanical stability, high stretchability and impressive electrochemical performance, providing a potential pathway to expand the application of ZIBs to a broad range of practical energy storage devices.
A Time-Modulated Array With Digitally Preprocessed Rectangular Pulses for Wireless Power Transmission
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Authors: Yang, Yu-Qian; Wang, Hao; Guo, Yong-Xin
Abstract
A cooperative design of the advanced time-modulated array (TMA) and the retrodirective (RD) array is introduced to act as a transmitting array for multiuser wireless power transmission (WPT) applications. The conventional rectangular-pulse based TMA is lack of harmonic beamforming flexibility limited by its frequency spectral properties. By preprocessing the rectangular pulses with the sinusoid-based control signal, harmonic beams are independently steerable. The proposed array is enabled with self-phasing capability by taking advantage of the RD technique. Besides, to avoid the unexploited radiation caused by unscannable fundamental beam and specular harmonic beams, the single sideband (SSB) modulator is utilized to enable the transmitting array with high-efficiency beamforming capacity. The numerical results verify that the presented array performs well in various charging scenarios, which brings a highly potential insight for far-field WPT.