Mechanistic study of Fe(III) chelate reduction in a neutral electro-Fenton process
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
Authors: Liu, Xiao-Cheng; He, Chuan-Shu; Shen, Zi-Yang; Li, Wen-Qiang; Chen, Ning; Song, Jun-Sheng; Zhou, Xiao-Guo; Mu, Yang
Abstract
Fe(III) chelate reduction is of great importance in the homogeneous neutral electro-Fenton (EF) process, but its reduction mechanisms with different reductive species remain unclear. In this study, the reduction mechanisms of several typical Fe(III) chelates through electron and atomic H* were investigated using experiments and density functional theory calculations. The results indicated that the electron reduction efficiencies for [Fe(III)-EDTA](-) and [Fe(III)-EDDS](-) chelates were 16.23 and 8.31 times higher compared to [Fe(H2O)(6)](3+), which was featured by low ELUMO-HOMO and concentrated LUMO distribution around Fe atom. In contrast, the atomic H* reduction efficiency for [Fe(III)-HA](3+) chelate was 10 times higher than that of electron, attributed to high chelation ability of HA and negative energy barrier of [Fe(III)-HA](3+) reduction in the atomic H*-dominated system. Additionally, phthalocyanine (Pc) had insignificant effect on pollutant degradation efficiency in the neutral EF systems due to the lower chelate ability of Pc with Fe(III) compared to H2O.
Mapping burial mounds based on UAV-derived data in the Suusamyr Plateau, Kyrgyzstan
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Sarasan, Adriana; Ardelean, Adrian-Cristian; Balarie, Andrei; Wehrheim, Ruben; Tabaldiev, Kubatbek; Akmatov, Kunbolot
Abstract
Located in the northern part of the Tian Shan Mountains, at an average elevation of over 2200 m.a.s.l., the Suusamyr Plateau is home to numerous archaeological sites. Nonetheless, there is little to no information available regarding the spatial characteristics and preservation conditions of these complex burial grounds. During the recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have offered the possibility of fast acquisition of high -resolution images that facilitate the identification and documentation of archaeological sites and features. Given these advantages over 1500 ha (29 individual sites) were investigated within the Suusamyr Plateau, using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro quadcopter. Based on the UAV derived dataset, over 600 burial mounds were identified via manual mapping. However, as this is a time consuming and subjective process, a new method that integrates the multi-scale topographic analysis and the geomorphons approach is introduced here for the semi-automated extraction of burial mounds. Following an object-based image analysis (OBIA) routine, the proposed methodology was developed within a single site (T1), while the transferability degree of the final model was subsequently assessed within two other investigated sites (T2, T3). The accuracy of the obtained model was determined using the F1-Score (harmonic mean of precision and recall). The highest detection rate of 100% was achieved for test site T2, while the lowest value of 87.5% was obtained for site T3.