Rabbit Anti-Clenbuterol Polyclonal antibody

Clenbuterol is a beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist primarily used for treating bronchospasm and alleviating the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) in the horse. In other species ( rats, mice, sheep, and cattle), chronic high doses of clenbuterol ( typically in the milligram per kilogram body weight range) has been shown to cause a muscle directed protein anabolic response. Clenbuterol can also modify muscle fibre composition and therefore potentially affect muscle function. This has implications for the performance of exercising horses being treated with therapeutic doses of clenbuterol ( typically in the microgram per kilogram body weight range) for bronchospasm or COPD. It is not known whether clenbuterol treatment affects muscle fibre function in horses. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a therapeutic dose of clenbuterol, with and without exercise, on the contractile activation characteristics of single membrane permeabilized fibres prepared from muscle biopsies. We tested the hypothesis that therapeutic treatment with clenbuterol would not affect muscle fibre function. Unfit Standardbred mares were treated for 8 weeks with; clenbuterol (2.4 mug/kg twice/day, 5 days/week) plus exercise ( 20 min at 50% (V) over dot O-2max 3 d/wk; CLENEX), clenbuterol only (CLEN), or exercise only ( EX). Muscle biopsies were taken from the gluteus medius muscle before and after treatment and stored in a glycerol-based solution to prepare permeabilized muscle fibres. The force - pCa relationship for fibres from CLEN horses was steeper ( P < 0.05) indicative of greater cooperative interactions within the thin. lament, however, fibre sensitivity to Ca2+ was unchanged. In contrast, the steepness of the force - pCa relationship was not changed in fibres from EX and CLENEX horses and Ca2+ sensitivity was also unaffected. Rigor force, activation in the absence of ATP, was not affected by any treatment indicating an approximately equivalent number of participating cross-bridges during activation. The results indicate that a therapeutic dose of clenbuterol to Standardbred horses does not affect the Ca2+-activated contractile characteristics of isolated muscle fibres.

Organic/inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were synthesized from calcium phosphate and protein modified fluorescent gold nanoclusters and antigens. These nanoflowers are shown to be well suited labels for bioassay because they fulfill the functions of biological recognition and signal output. A fluorometric immunoassay was developed that was combined with immunomagnetic separation. In the detection system, the red fluorescence of the supernatant (measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 360/640 nm) is found to be proportional to the clenbuterol (Clen) concentration after two immunomagnetic separations. The assay has a linear response in the 0.5 mu g L-1 to 40 mu g L-1 Clen concentration range, and 0.167 mu g L-1 limit of detection. This makes it well suited for food safety monitoring. The average recoveries from spiked samples range from 92.7 to 109.1% (intra-assay) and 101.2 to 125.7% (inter-assay) with relative standard deviations of < 11.6%. Spiked swine urine samples were analyzed by this method, and the results correlated well with data obtained by LC-MS/MS.